Infancy Management Assumptions

is the ability to influence a group toward
the achievement of goals.

 leaders can emerge from a group and
provide vision and motivation to those
around them.
• is a person’s external reaction to its
environment.
• Behavior may be modified according to

positive or negative reinforcements from the
organism's environment or according to self-
directed intentions.
Supervisory
Effectiveness
The production of supervisory effectiveness
requires a behavioral shift and a bias toward
systemic processes that optimize the
utilization of human, material and capital
resources.
Supervisory effectiveness also requires the
ability to assist, direct and coach others –
and to communicate in a manner that creates
an environment where problem and variance
identification drive root-cause and
corrective action.
Supervisory
Effectiveness
Supervisory effectiveness aligns
expectations – fostering sustainable,
predictable outcomes and contributing
to the type of mission success
expected by the organization’s
stakeholders.
• is a set of beliefs or
rules used by
managers to help
them make decisions.
• This is important
because it provides a
powerful sense of
purpose and
motivation.
• A good management
philosophy gives
Management direction and
Philosophy cohesion to the
organization.
• Discuss the assumptions of
infancy management
• According to Douglas
McGregor, the perception of
managers on the nature of
individuals is based on various
assumptions.
• Assumptions of Theory X
• Assumptions of Theory Y
Assumptions of Theory X
• An average employee intrinsically does not like
work and tries to escape it whenever possible.
• Since the employee does not want to work, he
must be persuaded, compelled, or warned with
punishment so as to achieve organizational
goals. A close supervision is required on part
of managers. The managers adopt a more
dictatorial style.
• Many employees rank job security on top, and
they have little or no aspiration/ ambition.
• Employees generally dislike responsibilities.
• Employees resist change.
• An average employee needs formal direction.
Assumptions of Theory Y
• Employees can perceive their job as relaxing and
normal.
• Employees may not require only threat, external
control and coercion to work, but they can use
self-direction and self-control if they are
dedicated and sincere to achieve the
organizational objectives.
• If the job is rewarding and satisfying, then it will
result in employees’ loyalty and commitment to
organization.
• An average employee can learn to admit and
recognize the responsibility. In fact, he can even
learn to obtain responsibility.
• The employees have skills and capabilities.
• Theory X encourages
use of tight control and
supervision. It implies
that employees are
reluctant to
organizational changes.
Thus, it does not
encourage innovation.
• Theory Y implies that
the managers should
create and encourage a
work environment which
provides opportunities
to employees to take
initiative and self-
direction.
DETERMINANT OF
SUPERVISORY
PATTERN
• Discuss the supervisory
pattern
• Identify the determinants of
supervisory functions
• It is a direction, guidance and
control of working force with a view
to see that they are working
together according to plan and are
keeping time schedule.
• They are getting all the possible
help in accomplishing the assigned
work.
Supervisor
A person with the official task of overseeing

the work of a person or group, or of other
operations and activities.
first and foremost an overseer whose main

responsibility is to ensure that a group of
subordinates get out the assigned amount of
production, when they are supposed to do it
and within acceptable levels of quality, costs
and safety
• being the manager in a
direct contact with
the operatives, has got
multifarious function
to perform.
to plan the daily work
schedule of the workers by
guiding them the nature of their
work and also dividing the work
amongst the workers according to
their interests, aptitudes, skills
and interests.
A supervisor plays an
important role in the physical
setting of the factory and in
arranging the physical
resources at right place.
leads the workers and
influences them to work
their best.
provides different
incentives to workers to
perform better.
an important function performed
by supervisor. This will involve:
• Recording the actual performance

against the time schedule.
• Checking of progress of work.
• Finding out deviations if any and
making solutions
• If not independently solved,
reporting it to top management.
A supervisor proves to
be a linking pin between
management and workers.
can handle the grievances of the workers
effectively for this he has to do the following
things :
• He can be in direct touch with workers.
• By winning the confidence of the workers by
solving their problems.
• By taking worker problems on humanitarian
grounds.
• If he cannot tackle it independently, he can
take the help and advice of management to
solve it.
A supervisor has got an
important role to report
about the cost, quality and
any such output which can be
responsible for increasing
productivity.
The supervisor here
has to be conscious
about the environment of
market and competition
present.
A supervisor can undertake many
steps to maintain discipline in the
concern by regulating checks and
measures, strictness in orders and
instructions, keeping an account of
general discipline of factory,
implementing penalties and
punishments for the indiscipline
workers.
References:
https://brooksint.com/service/supervisory-effectiveness/
https://www.cleverism.com/lexicon/management-philosophy/
https://www.managementstudyguide.com/theory-x-y-motivation.htm
https://www.managementstudyguide.com/functions_of_supervisor.htm

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is the ability to influence a group toward

the achievement of goals.

• Behavior may be modified according to

A person with the official task of overseeing

first and foremost an overseer whose main

• Recording the actual performance

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