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Circuits
Circuits
• interconnection of
electrical elements
(resistors, inductors,
capacitors, wires, voltage
sources, current sources,
switches, etc.)
RTotal = R1 + R2 + … + RN
Total
Current
ITotal = I1 = I2 = … = IN
VTotal = V1 + V2 + … + VN
the voltage across the components is the sum of the voltages
across each component
Series circuits
• sometimes called current-coupled or daisy
chain-coupled
• The current that flows in a series circuit will
flow through every component in the circuit.
• Therefore, all of the components in a series
connection carry the same current.
Series Circuit
Series Circuit (cont’d)
In this animation you should notice the following
things:
• The battery or source is represented by an escalator
which raises charges to a higher level of energy.
• As the charges move through the resistors
(represented by the paddle wheels) they do work on
the resistor and as a result, they lose electrical
energy.
Series Circuit (cont’d)
• By the time each charge makes it back to the
battery, it has lost all the energy given to it by
the battery.
• The total of the potential drops ( - potential
difference) across the resistors is the same as
the potential rise ( + potential difference)
across the battery. This demonstrates that a
charge can only do as much work as was done
on it by the battery.
Series Circuit (cont’d)
• The charges do more work (give up more
electrical energy) as they pass through the
larger resistor.
• The charges are positive so this is a
representation of Conventional Current (the
apparent flow of positive charges)
• The charges are only flowing in one direction so
this would be considered direct current ( D.C. ).
Resistors
Inductors
Inductors follow the same law, in that the total inductance of non-
coupled inductors in series is equal to the sum of their individual
inductances
Capacitors
• IT = I1 = I2 =I3 = 2 amps
• ET = E1 +E2 + E3
•
Series Circuit - Conductance
•
Series Circuit – Combination
Determine the total impedance and current flow
for the circuit shown.
Solution:
•