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    Industrial Transducer: Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDS) & Types By: Ravi Dhaneja

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    urvish_soni
    Resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) are sensors that measure temperature by correlating the resistance of an RTD element to temperature. Most RTD elements consist of a fine coiled wire wrapped around a ceramic or glass core. RTD elements are typically made from platinum, nickel, or copper due to their predictable change in resistance with temperature. RTDs offer greater stability, accuracy, and repeatability than thermocouples and require a power source to operate by measuring electrical resistance that varies linearly with temperature.

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    Industrial Transducer: Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDS) & Types By: Ravi Dhaneja

    Uploaded by

    urvish_soni
    55 views10 pages
    Resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) are sensors that measure temperature by correlating the resistance of an RTD element to temperature. Most RTD elements consist of a fine coiled wire wrapped around a ceramic or glass core. RTD elements are typically made from platinum, nickel, or copper due to their predictable change in resistance with temperature. RTDs offer greater stability, accuracy, and repeatability than thermocouples and require a power source to operate by measuring electrical resistance that varies linearly with temperature.

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    Industrial Transducer

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    Resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) are sensors that measure temperature by correlating the resistance of an RTD element to temperature. Most RTD elements consist of a fine coiled wire wrapped around a ceramic or glass core. RTD elements are typically made from platinum, nickel, or copper due to their predictable change in resistance with temperature. RTDs offer greater stability, accuracy, and repeatability than thermocouples and require a power source to operate by measuring electrical resistance that varies linearly with temperature.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    55 views10 pages

    Industrial Transducer: Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDS) & Types By: Ravi Dhaneja

    Uploaded by

    urvish_soni
    Resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) are sensors that measure temperature by correlating the resistance of an RTD element to temperature. Most RTD elements consist of a fine coiled wire wrapped around a ceramic or glass core. RTD elements are typically made from platinum, nickel, or copper due to their predictable change in resistance with temperature. RTDs offer greater stability, accuracy, and repeatability than thermocouples and require a power source to operate by measuring electrical resistance that varies linearly with temperature.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    Industrial Transducer

    Resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) & TYPES


    BY: Ravi Dhaneja
    Resistance thermometer

     Resistance thermometers, also called resistance temperature


    detectors (RTDs), are sensors used to measure temperature by
    correlating the resistance of the RTD element with temperature.
     Most RTD elements consist of a length of fine coiled wire wrapped
    around a ceramic or glass core. The element is usually quite fragile, so it
    is often placed inside a sheathed probe to protect it. 
     The RTD element is made from a pure material, typically platinum,
    nickel or copper. The material has a predictable change in resistance as
    the temperature changes and it is this predictable change that is used to
    determine temperature.
    Function

     Resistance thermometers are constructed in a number of forms and


    offer greater stability, accuracy and repeatability in some cases than
    thermocouples.
     While thermocouples use the Seebeck effect to generate a voltage,
    resistance thermometers use electrical resistance and require a power
    source to operate.
     The resistance ideally varies nearlylinearly with temperature.
    Construction

     These elements nearly always require insulated leads attached. At


    temperatures below about 250 °C PVC, silicone rubber or insulators are
    used.
     Above this, glass fibre or ceramic are used. The measuring point, and
    usually most of the leads, require a housing or protective sleeve, often
    made of a metal alloy which is chemically inert to the process being
    monitored.
     Selecting and designing protection sheaths can require more care than
    the actual sensor, as the sheath must withstand chemical or physical
    attack and provide convenient attachment points.
    Wiring configurations

     Two-wire configuration
    The simplest resistance thermometer configuration uses two wires. It is
    only used when high accuracy is not required, as the resistance of the
    connecting wires is added to that of the sensor, leading to errors of
    measurement. This configuration allows use of 100 meters of cable. This
    applies equally to balanced bridge and fixed bridge system.
     Three-wire configuration
    In order to minimize the effects of the lead resistances, a three-wire
    configuration can be used. Using this method the two leads to the sensor
    are on adjoining arms. There is a lead resistance in each arm of the bridge
    so that the resistance is cancelled out, so long as the two lead resistances
    are accurately the same. This configuration allows up to 600 meters of
    cable.
    Material Used in RTD

     Common RTD sensing elements constructed of platinum, copper or


    nickel have a repeatable resistance versus temperature relationship (R
    vs T) and operating temperaturerange.
     The R vs T relationship is defined as the amount of resistance change of
    the sensor per degree of temperature change.
      The relative change in resistance (temperature coefficient of resistance)
    varies only slightly over the useful range of the sensor.
     Platinum was proposed by Sir William Siemens as an element for
    resistance temperature detector at the Bakerian lecture in 1871:[3] it has
    the most stable resistance-temperature relationship over the largest
    temperature range.
     Platinum is the best metal for RTDs because it follows a very linear
    resistance-temperature relationship and it follows the R vs T relationship
    in a highly repeatable manner over a wide temperature range.
      platinum make it the material of choice for temperature standards over
    the range of -272.5 °C to 961.78 °C.
     Nickel elements have a limited temperature range because the amount
    of change in resistance per degree of change in temperature becomes
    very non-linear at temperatures over 572 °F (300 °C).
     Copper has a very linear resistance-temperature relationship, however
    copper oxidizes at moderate temperatures and cannot be used over
    302 °F (150 °C).

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