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    Visual Testing of Welds.

    Uploaded by

    mahesh
    The document discusses visual testing of welds and summarizes the types of discontinuities that can be identified through visual testing. It describes dimensional discontinuities related to incorrect weld size or distortion. It also lists typical discontinuities found in visual testing of storage vessels, such as cracking, incomplete penetration, lack of fusion, and undercut. Finally, it provides an overview of a typical weld inspection plan incorporating visual testing, including testing before, during, and after welding.

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    Visual Testing of Welds.

    Uploaded by

    mahesh
    116 views9 pages
    The document discusses visual testing of welds and summarizes the types of discontinuities that can be identified through visual testing. It describes dimensional discontinuities related to incorrect weld size or distortion. It also lists typical discontinuities found in visual testing of storage vessels, such as cracking, incomplete penetration, lack of fusion, and undercut. Finally, it provides an overview of a typical weld inspection plan incorporating visual testing, including testing before, during, and after welding.

    Original Description:

    visual testing of welding joints

    Original Title

    Visual testing of welds.

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    The document discusses visual testing of welds and summarizes the types of discontinuities that can be identified through visual testing. It describes dimensional discontinuities related to incorrect weld size or distortion. It also lists typical discontinuities found in visual testing of storage vessels, such as cracking, incomplete penetration, lack of fusion, and undercut. Finally, it provides an overview of a typical weld inspection plan incorporating visual testing, including testing before, during, and after welding.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    116 views9 pages

    Visual Testing of Welds.

    Uploaded by

    mahesh
    The document discusses visual testing of welds and summarizes the types of discontinuities that can be identified through visual testing. It describes dimensional discontinuities related to incorrect weld size or distortion. It also lists typical discontinuities found in visual testing of storage vessels, such as cracking, incomplete penetration, lack of fusion, and undercut. Finally, it provides an overview of a typical weld inspection plan incorporating visual testing, including testing before, during, and after welding.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 9
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    The key takeaways from the document are that visual testing is used to identify various types of weld discontinuities and defects. The document outlines different discontinuities, inspection steps before, during and after welding, and acceptance criteria for different applications.

    The document mentions that weld discontinuities can be dimensional, process-related, mechanical or chemical, or related to base metal properties. Some examples given are distortion, incorrect weld size or profile, porosity, inclusions, cracks and lack of fusion.

    When performing visual testing of welds, factors like weld alignment, types of discontinuities present, acceptance criteria for defects based on the application, and cleaning requirements are considered.

    Visual testing of welds.

    Weld discontinuities:
    A discontinuity is an interruption of a typical structure
    .such as inhomogeneity in the mechanical,
    metallurgical, or physical characteristics of a
    material.
    Discontinuity associated with welds may be divided as
    follows:
    1.dimensional 2.process, 3.mechanical or chemical, and
    4.base metal properties. The above
    1. Distortion, incorrect weld size,profile or proportions
    and excess weld reinforcement. 2. Porosity
    04/15/20 inclusions, if, ijp,uc, cr,surface. 1
    Dimensional discontinuities;
     Dimensional characteristics are directly related to the
    material and mechanical quality of a test object and
    to the very sorts of performance, such as service life,
    that NDT used to evaluate.
     Welding typically involves the application of heat and
    the fusion of metal. Stresses of high magnitude
    result form thermal expansion and contraction during
    weld metal solidification. These stresses causes
    distortion.
    04/15/20 2
    Weld alignment correct and incorrect.
     Correct

     Incorrect

    04/15/20 3
    Typical disposition of weld
    discontinuities by VT of pressure
    vessel.
     Cracking none permitted
     Incomplete penetration none permitted
     Lack of fusion none permitted
     Undercut 0.75 mm or 10 percent Tw
     External porosity none permitted
     External inclusions none permitted.

    04/15/20 4
    Typical discontinuities locaated by
    visual testing of storage vessels or
    tanks.
     Cracking see the notes below
     Incomplete penetration none permitted
     Lack of fusion none permitted
     Undercut in vertical joints 0.4mm
     Undercut in horizontal joints 0.75 mm
     External porosity see the notes below
     External slag inclusions see the notes below
     Concave root surface see the notes below
    04/15/20 5
    Typical weld inspection plan
    incorporating visual testing.
     Before welding
     During welding
     After welding
     Acceptance testing
     Repairs
     Procedure used in VT shall contain the min. of the following-
    VT GUIDELINES, SURFACE CONDITION, METHOD OF
    SURFACE PPN.,TOOLSUSED,TYPE OF VIEWING –
    DIRECT OR REMOTE,SPL ILLUMINATION,INSTRUMENTS
    OR EQPT, SEQUENCE OF TEST,DATA TO BE
    TABULATED, REPORT FORMS OR STATEMENTS

    04/15/20 6
    Before welding
     Material identification, chemical analysis,
    mechanical properties.
     Base metal defects- laminations, laminar
    discontinuities scabs and cracks , surface
    irregularities, flatness
     Joint geometry- edge ppn, dimensions, cleanliness,
    root opening, tacking backing
     Special setups jigging and bracing, pre stressing or
    pre cambering (slight convexity of upper portion)

    04/15/20 7
    During welding.
     1. PRE HEAT AND INTERPASS TEMP. CONTROLS-
    MEASUREMENT METHODS
     2.FILLER METAL-IDENTIFICATION, CONTROL,
    HANDLING
     3. ROOT PASS CONTOURAND SOUNDNESS-ROOT
    PASS IS THE MOST CRITICAL PART OF THE WELD AS
    IT SOLIDFIES FAST, ENTRAPS SLAG, DEVELOP CRACK
    DUE EXTREEME TEMP. DIFF.
     4.CLEANING BETWEEN THE PASSES, APPEARANCE OF
    PASSES, INPROCESS NDT AS PER PROCEDURE.

    04/15/20 8
    AFTER WELDING
     1. PWHT REQUIREMTNTS
     2. METHOD OF CLEANING FOR INSPECTION
     3. CONFORMITY OF WELDS WITH DRAWINGS
     4. NDTS- VT,MT,PT,RT,UT
     5. DTS - PROOF TESTING, TENSILE,
    COMPRESSION, CHEMICAL, METALLOGRAPHIC

     REPAIRS- MARGIN FOR ACCEPTANCE OR


    REJECTION TESTING AFTER REPAIR.

    04/15/20 9

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