COLLISION AVOIDANCE USING

PNEUMATIC BUMPER
 ABSTRACT
The technology of pneumatics has gained tremendous importance
in the field of workplace rationalization and automation from old-
fashioned timber works and coal mines to modern machine shops and
space robots. It is therefore important that technicians and engineers
should have a good knowledge of pneumatic system, air operated valves
and accessories.
The aim is to design and develop a control system based an
intelligent electronically controlled automotive bumper activation system
is called “AUTOMATIC COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM USING
PNEUMATIC BUMPER”. This system is consisting of IR transmitter
and Receiver circuit, Control Unit, Pneumatic bumper system.
 The IR sensor is used to detect the obstacle. There is any obstacle
closer to the vehicle (with in 4 feet), the control signal is given to the
bumper activation system.
The pneumatic bumper system is used to product the man and
vehicle. This bumper activation system is only activated the vehicle
speed above 40-50 km per hour. This vehicle speed is sensed by the
proximity sensor and this signal is given to the control unit and
pneumatic bumper activation system.
 INTRODUCTION
• We have pleasure in introducing our new project “AUTOMATIC
PNEUMATIC BUMPER”, which is fully equipped by IR sensors circuit
and Pneumatic bumper activation circuit.
• It is a genuine project which is fully equipped and designed for
Automobile vehicles.
• This forms an integral part of best quality. This product underwent
strenuous test in our Automobile vehicles and it is good.
NEED FOR AUTOMATION:
• Automation can be achieved through computers, hydraulics, pneumatics,
robotics, etc., of these sources, pneumatics forms an attractive medium
for low cost automation.
• The main advantages of all pneumatic systems are economy and
simplicity. Automation plays an important role in mass production.
The manufacturing operation is being atomized for the following
reasons.
 To achieve mass production.
 To reduce man power.
 To increase the efficiency of the plant.
 To reduce the work load.
 To reduce the production cost.
 To reduce the production time.
 To reduce the material handling.
 To reduce the fatigue of workers.
 To achieve good product quality.
 Less Maintenance.
 LITERATURE SURVEY
Study of rear-end crashes finds head injuries from rear-facing child
seats by KATHERINE SHAVER The review, distributed in the October
issue of the Journal of Traffic Injury Prevention, found that a newborn
child measured crash-test sham enlisted genuine head wounds when its
back confronting auto situate pitched forward — around the back of the
vehicle — in backside crash tests. Test recordings demonstrate the
highest point of the auto situate and the sham's uncovered head being
tossed into the back of the vehicle situate in which the auto seat was
appended. The assessed head wounds were more serious, the review
found, when the auto seat was appended by means of the vehicle seat's
lower "Hook" grapples contrasted and safety belts.
 LITERATURE SURVEY
Introduction to welding and joining of advanced high-strength steels
(AHSS) - M.Shome, M.Tumuluru Propelled high-quality steels (AHSS)
created and popularized in the previous decade are intended to help car
organizations meet light-weight prerequisites without trading off
inhabitant wellbeing necessities. These steel evaluations are relied upon to
overwhelm the material partake in autos, particularly in body-in-white
applications, within a reasonable time-frame. These steels have an
astounding mix of high quality and malleability, and henceforth are
formable. AHSS levels require extraordinary contemplations and a
comprehension of their welding conduct for effective usage in car
development. This part gives an outline of the basic sorts of AHSS
evaluations in current business utilize and the different joining procedures
utilized as a part of the car business.
 LITERATURE SURVEY
Optimal placement of relay nodes in wireless -
Hashim.A.Hashim,B.O.Avinde, M.A.Abido Conveying sensor hubs
arbitrarily more often than not produces beginning correspondence gap even
in exceedingly thick systems. These correspondence openings can't be
completely killed notwithstanding when the arrangement is done in an
organized way. In either case, the subsequent between hub separations may
debase the execution of the system. This paper proposes an upgraded
sending calculation in view of Artificial Bee Colony (ABC). The ABC-based
organization is ensured to augment the lifetime by enhancing the system
parameters and obliging the aggregate number of conveyed transfers. Comes
about demonstrate that the proposed approach enhances the system lifetime
impressively when contrasted with arrangements announced in the writing,
for example, Shortest Path 3-D lattice Deployment (SP3D) calculation.
 LITERATURE SURVEY
Automated pneumatic bumper is a new idea based on pneumatic
suspension systems – Yogesh. The point is to outline and build up a
control system in view of insightful electronically controlled car guard
enactment system is called "Programmed PNEUMATIC BUMPER". We
have joy in presenting our new venture, which is completely prepared
by Photo electric sensors circuit and Pneumatic guard enactment circuit.
This system comprises of Ultrasonic sensor, Control Unit, Pneumatic
guard system. The Ultrasonic Sensor is utilized to identify the
obstruction. There is any obstruction nearer to the vehicle (inside 4
feet), the control flag is given to the guard initiation system.
2D LAYOUT
COMPONENTS USED
S.No. Components Used
1. Wheels
2. Pneumatic Cylinder
3. Solenoid Valve
4. Bumper
5. Piston
6. Frame
7. Control Unit
8. IR Sensor
 WORKING PRINCIPLE
• The vehicle speed is sensed by the proximity sensor. The vehicle speed is
above the 40-50 Km per hour, the control unit will activate the IR sensor
Unit.
• The IR TRANSMITTER circuit is to transmute the Infra-Red rays. If any
obstacle is there in a path, the Infra-Red rays reflected. This reflected
Infra-Red rays are received by the receiver circuit is called “IR
RECEIVER”.
• The IR receiver circuit receives the reflected IR rays and giving the
control signal to the control circuit. The control circuit is used to activate
the solenoid valve.
• If the solenoid valve is activated, the compressed air passes to the
Pneumatic Cylinder.
• The compressed air activates the pneumatic cylinder and moves the
piston rod.
• If the piston moves forward, then the bumper arrangement activated.
The piston speed is varied by adjusting the valve is called “FLOW
CONTROL VALVE”.
• In our project, we have to apply this arrangement in one wheel as a
model. The compressed air is drawn from the compressor in our project.
• The compressed air is flow through the Polyurethane tube to the flow
control valve. The flow control valve is connected to the solenoid valve
as mentioned in the block diagram.
 WHEELS
• Wheels must be strong enough to support the vehicle and withstand
the forces caused by normal operation.
• At the same time, they must be as light as possible, to help keep un-
sprung weight to a minimum.
• Wheels can be made from cast aluminium alloy or magnesium alloy.
Alloy wheels are popular because of their appearance and because
they are lighter than similar steel wheels.
• Aluminium is a better conductor of heat, so alloy wheels can dissipate
heat from brakes and tyres more effectively than steel ones.
• Most wheels have ventilation holes in the flange, so air can circulate to
the brakes.
• Most passenger car wheels are of well, or drop-centre design. This
design allows for tyre removal and fitting.
• The removal and fitting of tyres should be carried out according to
manufactures instructions.
 PNEUMATIC CYLINDER
• Pneumatic cylinders can be used to get linear, rotary and oscillatory
motion. There are three types of pneumatic actuator:
Linear Actuator or Pneumatic cylinders.
Rotary Actuator or Air motors.
Limited angle Actuators.
• Pneumatic cylinders are devices for converting the air pressure into linear
mechanical force and motion.
• The pneumatic cylinders are basically used for single purpose application
such as clamping, stamping, transferring, branching, allocating, ejecting,
metering, tilting, bending, turning and many other applications.
Based on the cylinder action
• Based on cylinder action we can classify the cylinders as single acting
and double acting. Single acting cylinders have single air inlet line.
Double acting cylinders have two air inlet lines. Advantages of double
acting cylinders over single acting cylinders are
In single acting cylinder, compressed air is fed only on one side.
Hence this cylinder can produce work only in one direction. But the
compressed air moves the piston in two directions in double acting
cylinder, so they work in both directions.
In a single acting cylinder, the stroke length is limited by the
compressed length of the spring. But in principle, the stroke length is
unlimited in a double acting cylinder
While the piston moves forward in a single acting cylinder, air has to
overcome the pressure of the spring and hence some power is lost
before the actual stroke of the piston starts. But this problem is not
present in a double acting cylinder.
 SOLENOID VALVE
• A solenoid valve is an electromechanically operated valve.
• The valve is controlled by an electric current through a solenoid: in the
case of a two-port valve the flow is switched on or off; in the case of a
three-port valve, the outflow is switched between the two outlet ports.
Multiple solenoid valves can be placed together on a manifold.
• Solenoid valves are the most frequently used control elements in
fluidics. Their tasks are to shut off, release, dose, distribute or mix
fluids.
• They are found in many application areas. Solenoids offer fast and
safe switching, high reliability, long service life, good medium
compatibility of the materials used, low control power and compact
design.
• Besides the plunger-type actuator which is used most frequently,
pivoted-armature actuators and rocker actuators are also used.
 FRAME
• A frame is a structural system that supports other components of a
physical construction. Frame is used to carry the total setup of
arrangement.
• It has to able to sustain the total weight of arrangement. It would be
joined by arc welding to get permanent joint. So frame is very
important to our project.
Material: Mild Steel.
Type: Rectangular.
 IR SENSOR
• An infrared sensor is an electronic device, which emits in order to
sense some aspects of the surroundings.
• An IR sensor can measure the heat of an object as well as detects the
motion.
• These types of sensors measures only infrared radiation, rather than
emitting it that is called as a passive IR sensor.
• Usually in the infrared spectrum, all the objects radiate some form of
thermal radiations.
• These types of radiations are invisible to our eyes that can be detected
by an infrared sensor.
• The emitter is simply an IR LED (Light Emitting Diode) and the
detector is simply an IR photodiode which is sensitive to IR light of
the same wavelength as that emitted by the IR LED.
• When IR light falls on the photodiode, the resistances and these output
voltages, change in proportion to the magnitude of the IR light
received.
 ADVANTAGES
• Free from wear adjustment.
• Less power consumption.
• It gives simplified very operation.
• Installation is simplified very much.
 APPLICATTIONS
• For automobile application.
• Industrial application.
THANK YOU