Lecture On: Introduction To Cellular Mobile Communication Unit - 1 For EC-VII Sem Students

Oriental Institute of Science & Technology, Bhopal
Department of Electronics and Communication

Engineering
LECTURE ON
Introduction to Cellular Mobile

Communication Unit -1
For EC-VII Sem Students
Prepared by
Dinesh Pratap Singh,Assistant
professor(EC)
GSM Channels
GSM Access Scheme and Channel
Structure
 GSM uses FDMA and TDMA to transmit voice and data
 the uplink channel between the cell phone and the BTS
uses FDMA and a specific frequency band
 the downlink channel between the BTS and the cell
phone uses a different frequency band and the TDMA
technique
 there is sufficient frequency separation between the
uplink freq. band and the downlink freq. band to avoid
interference
 each uplink and downlink frequency bands is further
split up as Control Channel (used to set up and manage
calls) and Traffic Channel (used to carry voice)
GSM uplink/downlink frequency
bands used
GSM Frequency Uplink/BTS Downlink/BTS Receive

band Transmit
900 MHz 935-960 MHz 890-915 MHz
1800 MHz 1805-1880 MHz 1710-1785 MHz
1900 MHz 1930-1990 MHz 1850-1910 MHz

GSM uplink/downlink frequency
bands
 uplink and downlink take place in different time slots
using TDMA
 uplink and downlink channels have a bandwidth of 25
MHz
 these channels are further split up in a 124 carrier
frequencies (1 control channels and the rest as traffic
channels); each carrier frequency is spaced 200 KHz
apart to avoid interference
 these carrier frequencies are further devided by time
using TDMA and each time slot lasts for 0.577 ms.
GSM Control Channel
 is used to communicate management data (setting up
calls, location) between BTS and the cell phone within a
GSM cell
 only data is exchanged through the control channel (no
voice)
 a specific frequency from the frequency band allocated
to a cell and a specific time slot are allocated for the
control channel (beacon frequency); a single control
channel for a cell
 GSM control channels can have the following types:
 broadcast channel
 common control channel
 dedicated control channel
Broadcast Channel
 type of control channel used for the initial synchronization
between the cell phone and the BTS
 is composed from:
 Frequency Correction Channel (FCCH) – is composed from a
sequence of 148 zeros transmitted by the BTS
 Synchronization Channel (SCH) – follows the FCCH and contains
BTS identification and location information
 Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH) – contains the frequency
allocation information used by cell phones to adjust their
frequency to that of the network; is continuously broadcasted by
the BTS
Common Control Channels
 type of control chan. used for call initiation
 is composed of:
 Paging Channel (PCH) – the BTS uses this channel to inform
the cell phone about an incoming call; the cell phone
periodically monitors this channel
 Random Access Channel (RACH) – is an uplink channel used by
the cell phone to initiate a call; the cell phone uses this channel
only when required; if 2 phones try to access the RACH at the
same time, they cause interference and will wait a random
time before they try again; once a cell phone correctly
accesses the RACH, BTS send an acknowledgement
 Access Grant Channel (AGCH) – channel used to set up a call;
once the cell phone has used PCH or RACH to receive or
initiate a call, it uses AGCH to communicate to the BTS
Dedicated Control Channels
 control channel sed to manage calls
 is comprised from:
 Standalone Dedicated Control Channel (SDCCH) – used along
with SACCH to send and receive messages; relays signalling
information
 Slow Associated Control Channel (SACCH) – on the downlink
BTS broadcasts messages of the beacon frequency of
neighboring cells to the cell phones; on the uplink BTS receives
acknowledgement messages from the cell phone
 Fast Associated Control Channel (FACCH) – used to transmit
unscheduled urgent messages; FACCH is faster than SACCH as it
can carry 50 messages per second, while SACCH an caryy only
4.
Traffic Channel
 is used to carry voice data
 based on the TDMA the traffic (voice channel) is divided
in 8 different time slots numbered from 0 to 7
 the BTS sends signals to a particular cell phone in a
specific time slot (from those 8 time slots) and the cell
phone replies in a different time slot

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Oriental Institute of Science & Technology, Bhopal

Department of Electronics and Communication

Introduction to Cellular Mobile

GSM Frequency Uplink/BTS Downlink/BTS Receive

900 MHz 935-960 MHz 890-915 MHz

1800 MHz 1805-1880 MHz 1710-1785 MHz

1900 MHz 1930-1990 MHz 1850-1910 MHz

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