Hydraulics Structure of Pakistan

PRESENTED TO
DR. MUJAHID KHAN
PRESENTED BY
FAWAD AHMAD
Hydraulics Structure
 A hydraulic structure is a structure submerged or partially submerged in any body of
water, which disrupts the natural flow of water. They can be used to divert, disrupt or
completely stop the flow. A hydraulic structure can be built in rivers, a sea, or any body
of water where there is a need for a change in the natural flow of water.
 Hydraulic structures are anything that can be used to divert, restrict, stop, or otherwise
manage the natural flow of water. They can be made from materials ranging from large
rock and concrete to obscure items such as wooden timbers or tree trunks.
Types of Hydraulic structures

 Hydraulic structures are of two types.

 Hydraulic machines (oil based or similar which is none of our concern).
 The water hydraulics are partially or wholly submerged and alter the course or flow of
open waters, such as rivers, lakes, tidal estuaries, and oceans. These include dams,
weirs, spillways, flumes and breakwaters. Typically, they are passive structures, and
have few or no moving parts
1.DAM
 Dams are massive barriers built across rivers and streams to confine and utilize the
flow of water for human purposes such as irrigation and generation of hydroelectricity.
This confinement of water creates lakes or reservoirs.

 The first known dam was built in 2900 B.C. across the Nile River to protect the city of
Memphis from flooding. Dam build was continued into the time of the Roman empire,
after which dam construction was literally lost until the 1800s. Dams are a structure
also seen in nature - beavers build dams to keep the water deep enough to cover the
openings to their homes, protecting them from predators.
Major Dams in Pakistan
 1. Tarbela Dam
First and the foremost is the Tarbela Dam, the largest dam on the
earth. The dam situated on the Indus River which is second largest in structural volume.
Moreover, it was started in 1968 and was completed in 1976 at a cost of $1,497 million.
Furthermore, it is 143.26 meters or 470ft in height and 2,743.2 meters or 9,000 ft. in
length. Additionally, the total capacity of the dam is 13.69 cubic km spread over the
construction area of 168,000 Km2. It is the largest earth-filled dam in the world, and also
the largest dam by structural volume. Tarbela Dam’s primary use is electricity generation.
The installed capacity of the 4,888 MW Tarbela hydroelectric power stations will increase
to 6,298 MW after completion of the planned fifth extension financed by Asian
Infrastructure Investment Bank and the World Bank.
Major Dams in Pakistan
 2. Mangla Dam
Mangla Dam, is also the ninth-largest dam in the world. The Dam
was constructed in 1967 in the Mirpur district of Azad Kashmir. Mangla Dam is built on
the Jhelum River with a length of 3,140 meters or 10,302 ft. And the height of 147
meters or 482 ft. The cost spent on this project was about $1.473 billion that was funded
by the World Bank. Mangla Dam was constructed at a cost of Rs. 15.587 billion
(US$1.473 billion) with the funding being provided by the World Bank and the Asian
Development bank. The annual generation during 2008-2009 was 4797.425 Million
KWh while the station shared a peak load of 1150 MW which was 8.18% of the total
WAPDA system peak.
Major Dam in Pakistan
 3. Warsak Dam
Warsak Dam is third on the list of the Famous Dams of Pakistan.
The dam located on Kabul River in the north-west of Peshawar, the provincial capital of
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The Warsak Dam has completed two major phases. The first
phase was completed in 1960 and the second one from 1980 to 1981. Furthermore, the
total height is of 76.2 m or 250 ft. with a length of 140.2 m or 460 ft. The total cost
spends on construction was 156 million rupees. Above all, the Warsak Dam Hydropower
Project has a capacity to produce 243 MW electricity.
Major Dams in Pakistan
 4. Khanpur Dam
The Khanpur Dam that is built in the Haro River which is on the
Pothohar Plateau in Khanpur district of KPK. The dam is accessible on 40 km away from
the capital territory of Islamabad. The Dam is also a great source of drinking water to the
native of twin cities. The dam completed in 1983 after a 15-year construction period
believed to have cost Rs. 1,352 million. It is 167 feet (51 m) high and stores 110,000 acre-
feet(140,000,000 m3) of water. Moreover, the green and blue water dam are also has a great
attraction for the tourists.
Major Dams in Pakistan
 5. Diamer Bhasha Dam
On River Indus in Gilgit-Baltistan of Pakistan, there is a
Diamer-Bhasha Dam, in the early stage of construction. This is the concrete-filled gravity
Dam. On 18 October 2011, Yousaf Raza Gillani Prime Minister of Pakistan laid the
foundation stone. However, After completion, This Diamer-Bhasha Dam will become the
World highest RCC (Roller-compacted concrete) Dam. The name based on the location
Bhasha in Diamer District of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. After completion of Diamer-Bhasha
Dam, it will be able to generate Hydroelectricity of 4500 MW. Along with this, Dam will be
able to store 8,500,000 acre-feet extra of water that will be used for drinking and irrigation
purposes in Pakistan. Also, this Dam will control flood damages during high floods by
River Indus and can increase the life of Tarbela Dam. Yesterday apart of it contract is
awarded to FWO and Chinese company at of cost 442 Arabs Rupees. It will be completed in
2028.
2. Barrages
 A barrage is a type of low-head, diversion dam which consists of a number of large gates
that can be opened or closed to control the amount of water passing through. This allows
the structure to regulate and stabilize river water elevation upstream for use in irrigation
and other systems. The gates are set between flanking piers which are responsible for
supporting the water load of the pool created. The term barrage is borrowed from the
French word "barrier" meaning "to bar".
Barrages in Pakistan
 1. Rasul Barrage
Rasul Barrage is a barrage on the River Jehlum between Jhelum
District and Mandi Bahauddin District of the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is situated 72
km downstream of Mangla Dam. The current structure of the barrage was constructed in
1968 and the old barrage (built by the British) has been dismantled. The Punjab Irrigation
Department's Sargodha Zone is responsible for the operation of this barrage. Rasul Barrage
is used to control water flow in the River Jhelum for irrigation and flood control purposes.
Rasul Barrage has a discharge capacity of 24070 cubic meter per second
Barrages in Pakistan
 2. Jinnah Barrage
The Jinnah Barrage is a barrage on the River Indus near Kalabagh,
Pakistan. It is part of the Thal Project which helps irrigate 770,000 ha (1,900,000 acres) in
the Sindh Sagar Doab east of the Indus. Planning for the project dates back to the nineteenth
century but final plans for the barrage were made in 1919 and it was constructed between
1939 and 1946. The barrage diverts an average of 283 m3/s (10,000 cu ft/s) of water into
the 51.5 km (32.0 mi) long Thal Canal where it serves areas in Bhakkar, Khushab, Layyah,
Mianwali and Muzaffargarh Districts with 3,362 km (2,089 mi) of additional canal branches
and distributors.[1][2] It has a maximum flood height of 8.5 m (28 ft) and it spans 1,152 m
(3,780 ft) over the river. The barrage can discharge up to 27,000 m3/s (950,000 cu ft/s)
downstream with 42 spillway gates which are each 18.2 m (60 ft) wide.[3] Between 2006
and 2012, a 96 MW hydroelectric power station with four 12 MW pit turbine-generators
was added on the right bank
Barrages in Pakistan
 3. Taunsa Barrage
Taunsa Barrage is a barrage on the River Indus in Taunsa Tehsil of
Dera Ghazi Khan District, Punjab province of Pakistan. It is situated 20 kilometres (12
miles) southeast of Taunsa Sharif and 16 kilometres (9.9 miles) from Kot Addu. This
barrage controls water flow in the River Indus for irrigation and flood control purposes.
Taunsa Barrage was designated a Ramsar site on 22 March 1996. This barrage serves 2.351
million acres (951,400 hectares) of land besides diverting flows from Indus River to the
Chenab River through Taunsa-Panjnad Link Canal (TP Link Canal). The barrage also serves
as an arterial road bridge, a railway bridge, and crossing for gas and oil pipelines, telephone
line and extra high voltage (EHV) transmission lines.
Barrages in Pakistan
 4. Trimmu Barrage
Trimmu Barrage is a barrage on the River Chenab in the Jhang
District of the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is situated downstream of the confluence of
the River Jhelum and River Chenab. It is situated some 25 km from the city of Jhang near
the village of Atharan Hazari where the River Jhelum flows into the River Chenab. Trimmu
Barrage is used to control water flow into the River Chenab for irrigation and flood control
purposes.
3. Canals
 A canal is a manmade waterway that allows boats and ships to pass from one body
of water to another. Canals are also used to transport water for irrigation and other
human uses. While the advent of more efficient forms of transportation has reduced
the need for canals, they still play a vital role as conduits for transportation and
fostering global commerce. The word "canal" derives from the Old French word
chanel, which means “channel.” The oldest known canals are aqueducts built in
Mesopotamia thousands of years ago. Since then, canals have played an important
role in connecting cultures and facilitating commerce.
Canal in Pakistan
 1. Kachi Canal
The Kachhi Canal Project is located in Punjab, Pakistan. It is a 363 km
long canal, out of which 281 km is in Punjab and 80 km is in Balochistan. It starts from
Taunsa Barrage at Indus River. The canal provides sustainable irrigation water supply to
72,000 acres of agricultural land thus bringing green revolution in Balochistan. Cost of the
project, after its revision is now Rs.80.5 billion. The water infrastructure and irrigated
agriculture in Balochistan will achieve a landmark, when Kachhi Canal Project will be
completed. The project which started in 2002, was almost abandoned due to grossly cost
and time overrun for various reasons. The length of main canal is 363 km, out of which 282
km lies in Punjab region while 81 km are in Balochistan.
Canal in Pakistan
 2. Pakpattan Canal
Pakpattan Canal is an irrigation canal in central Punjab, Pakistan. The
canal is extracted from Sulemanki Headworks.The canal is named after Pakistani city of
Pakpattan.
It has two major parts.
1.Upper Pakpattan Canal
Design discharge : 6594 cusecs ( of taking from Suleimanki Headworks).
2.Lower Papattan Canal
Design Discharge : 1585 cusecs (of taking from SMB Link)
Length of canal is measured in canal miles. Pakpattan Canal has 66 branch canals, 691
distributaries and 440 minors and sub-minors.
Canal in Pakistan
 3. Jalalpur Canal
Jalalpur Canal is a canal being built on the east bank of the Jhelum
River. The work on the project to build this canal started on 26 December 2019. At the time
of the commencement of work in 2019, this was considered to be the oldest shelved project
of Pakistan as this project was first envisioned in 1898 during the period of British Raj. The
canal will run from Pind Dadan Khan Tehsil in Jhelum District to Khushab District. The
canal will traverse 117 kilometers and irrigate 170,000 hectares of land.[2][3] The canal will
have 23 distributaries and 10 minor canals with a combined length of 210 kilometers.