Artist and The Artisan His Medium

Artist and the artisan His Medium
- As the materials, the artist way of expressing his emotion in

order to communicate his ideas.
1. Visual - that can be seen and can occupy space.
Example: painting and drawing
2 Auditory/time - that can be heard.

Example: music and literature
- That can be seen and heard.

Example: opera, dance, drama and movies
Artist and His Technique
How to control his medium to achieve his

desire in the work of art. It also pertains to
technical requirement of the particular work of
art. It is how he manipulates his medium
Painting
definition
– The practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a
surface (support base). In art, the term describes both the act and the
result, which is called a painting.
– Paintings may have for their support such surfaces as walls, paper,
canvas, wood, glass, lacquer, clay or concrete.
– Paintings may be decorated with gold leaf, and some modern

paintings incorporate other materials including sand, clay, and
scraps of paper.
– Tangible canvass that we see through the use of his hands.

– It is the most widely practiced and appreciated.
Example: canvass, paper, wood, plaster

History of Painting
It is originated in France and was introduced in the
Philippines by the Spaniards during 17th century.
The history of painting reaches back in time to

artifacts from pre-historic humans, and spans all cultures,
that represent a continuous, though disrupted, tradition from
Antiquity. Across cultures, and spanning continents and
millennia, the history of painting is an ongoing river of
creativity that continues into the 21st century. Until the early
20th century it relied primarily on representational, religious
and classical motifs, after which time more purely abstract
and conceptual approaches gained favor. Developments in
Eastern painting historically parallel those in Western
painting, in general, a few centuries
earlier.
African art, Islamic art, Indian art, Chinese art, and
Japanese art each had significant influence on Western art, and,
eventually, vice-versa.
The oldest known paintings are at the Grotte Chauvet in

France, claimed by some historians to be about 32,000 years old.
They are engraved and painted using red ochre and black
pigment and show horses, rhinoceros, lions, buffalo, mammoth
or humans often hunting.
In Western cultures oil painting and watercolor painting

are the best known media, with rich and complex traditions in
style and subject matter. In the East, ink and color ink
historically predominated the choice of media with equally rich
and complex traditions.
Filipino Painters
Juan Luna’s famous works include the “The Death of

Cleopatra”, which won him a silver medal at the National Exposition
of Fine Arts (1881) and “The Spolarium”, his greatest masterpiece
that won him a gold medal at the National Exposition of Fine Arts
held in Madrid in 1884. The “Battle of Lepanto” won him another
gold medal at the Barcelona Exposition in 1888. Among his
last painting include “El Pacto de Sangre” which won first prize
in Paris and at the St. Louis Exposition, USA in 1904.
Purposes of Painting
1. Painting commemorates historical

events.
2. For recognition of religious
activities.
Elements of Painting
• Line – it is a man’s own invention; extension of a point.
• Vertical lines – power, stability, strength
• Horizontal lines – relaxation, calmness, at peace, laziness
• Diagonal lines – movement
• Curve lines – graceful movements, fluidity, flexibility
• Shape – it is an area of flat surface enclosed by a line.
• Texture – it refers to the feel or tactile quality of a surface
of an object; the roughness or smoothness of an object.
• Size – it is smallness or largeness of an object.
• Color – it a series of wave lengths which strike our retina.
Spectrum consists of different colors: red, orange, blue,
indigo and violet.
Paints
Paints are composed of three
materials:
Pigment
Binder
Solvent
Paints
Pigment: natural or synthetic colored
materials finely ground into power clay,
gemstones, minerals, plants and insects.
www.webexhibitts.org/pigments/
Paints
Binder: holds the pigment together and
adheres the paint to a surface, egg yolks,
oil and wax.
www.webexhibitts.org/binder/
Paints
Solvent: can be added to thin or thicken
paint, slow or speed up its drying time
with oil or water.
www.webexhibitts.org/solvent/
Painting Styles
Fresco
•mixing pigments with plaster (walls,
ceilings)
•Buon “true” Fresco: paint is bound in the
wet plaster
•Fresco secco: paint is applied to dry
plaster.
http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/f/fresco.html
Tempera
•water based, egg binder, used prior to
1400’s, colors cannot be mixed, narrow
range, fast-drying
http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/t/tempera.html
Oil
• easily mixed, more permanent, used after

1400, slow-drying.
•painting with pigments that are bound with a
medium of drying oil. It had a glossy and
varnish-like effect.
• MURAL PAINTING – involved blowing
colored pigments through tubes onto the
canvas or walls.
PAINTING MEDIA
DRY MEDIA
• PENCIL – cheap, easily available, easy to
work with and can be erased. Graphite
pencils or lead pencils have probably
made more drawings than any other
medium.
PENCILS
METALPOINT
•A metal point drawing is made by dragging a

metal stylus over the surface of a prepared
paper, leaving a mark much like a graphite
pencil.
•Many metals such as copper, brass, silver, gold
and platinum can be used to create a metal point
drawing, each having unique characteristics.
•Metal point drawings are labor intensive and
require great patience .
METALPOINT PENS
• CHARCOAL – Dark, soft and harsh lines.
They are burned sticks of wood . It is used
greatly for sketches and portraits.
CHALK AND CRAYON
•The main difference between them is the
BINDER ( the substance that holds the pigment
together). Chalk have nonfat binders while
crayons have greasy or oily, fat and wax binders.
PASTEL
• is a painting medium in the form of a stick,
consisting of pure powdered pigment and a binder.
•Pastel painting is fragile and easily smudged, its
preservation requires protective measures.
LIQUID MEDIA
• PEN AND INK – Uses pens and ink to create
uninterrupted lines. A major variable in ink
drawings is the thickness or thinness of lines.
• BRUSH AND INK – When ink is diluted in
water and applied with a brush, the result
is called a WASH.
ENCAUSTIC
•Also known as hot wax painting, involves
using heated beeswax to which colored
pigments are added.
•The liquid/paste is then applied to a
surface—usually prepared wood, though
canvas and other materials are often
used.
•Wax gives a clear luminous/shining
effect.
OIL
• Painting with pigments that are bound

with a medium of drying oil.
•Use of oil started with 15th century
Netherlandish painter Jan van Eyck.
•The presence of oil makes the painting
shiny and varnished. It dries slowly.
GOUACHE
•Also known as water paint, splash or body color.
•Gouache is a water based paint consisting of pigment to
be used in an opaque/cloudy painting method.
•Gouache differs from watercolor in that the particles are
larger, the ratio of pigment to water is much higher .
•This makes gouache heavier and more opaque, with
greater reflective qualities.
• WATERCOLOR - paints are made of
pigments suspended in a water soluble
vehicle. The traditional and most common
support for watercolor paintings is paper;
other supports include fabric/cloth, wood, and
canvas.
SYNTHETIC MEDIA
• WATER-BASED ACRYLICS – most
popular synthetic paint introduced in
1950s. Quick-drying and intense colors.
• THINNED DOWN ACRYLICS – synthetic
paints that are shot through airbrushes
and spray paint containers.
Thank you!

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Artist and the artisan His Medium

- As the materials, the artist way of expressing his emotion in

2 Auditory/time - that can be heard.

- That can be seen and heard.

How to control his medium to achieve his

– Paintings may be decorated with gold leaf, and some modern

– Tangible canvass that we see through the use of his hands.

Example: canvass, paper, wood, plaster

The history of painting reaches back in time to

The oldest known paintings are at the Grotte Chauvet in

In Western cultures oil painting and watercolor painting

Juan Luna’s famous works include the “The Death of

1. Painting commemorates historical

• easily mixed, more permanent, used after

•A metal point drawing is made by dragging a

• Painting with pigments that are bound

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