LECT 6 Proportion and Scale
LECT 6 Proportion and Scale
LECT 6 Proportion and Scale
THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1
PROPORTION
Proportion
is the relationship of two or more elements in a design and how
they compare with one another.
Proportion is said to be harmonious when a correct relationship
exists between the elements with respect to size or quantity.
Good proportion adds harmony, symmetry, or balance among the
parts of a design.
PROPORTIONING SYSTEM
Theories of Proportion:
Golden Section
Classical Orders
Modulor
Ken
Anthropometry
Scale
Golden Section
Each term again is the sum of the two preceding ones, and the ratio
between two consecutive terms tends to approximate the Golden
Section as the series progresses to infinity.
Golden Section
Golden Section
Classical Orders
To the Greeks and Romans of classical antiquity, the Orders represented in their proportioning
of elements the perfect expression of beauty and harmony. The basic unit of dimension was
the diameter of the column. From this module were derived the dimensions of the shaft, the
capital, as well as the pedestal below and the entablature above, down to the smallest detail.
Tuscan
Doric
Ionic
Corinthian
Composite
1¾D
Classical Orders
½D
Tuscan
6D
½D
2D
Classical Orders
½D
Doric
7D
½D
Classical Orders 2 1/4 D
½D
Ionic
8 1/3 D
½D
2 1/2 D
Classical Orders
7/6 D
Corinthian
8 1/3 D
½D
2 1/2 D
Classical Orders
7/6 D
Composite
8 1/3 D
½D
Classical Orders
INTERCOLUMNATION
Pycnostyle = 1.5 D
Classical Orders
INTERCOLUMNATION
Systyle = 2 D
Classical Orders
INTERCOLUMNATION
Eustyle = 2.25 D
Classical Orders
INTERCOLUMNATION
Diastyle = 3 D
Classical Orders
INTERCOLUMNATION
Araeostyle = 4 D
Modulor
113 113
86
183
16+27
140
113 27
86 27 86
70
16
43 27
27 16
113, 183, and 226 define the space occupied by the human figure. From 113 and 226, Le Corbusier
developed the Red and Blue series, diminishing scales of dimensions that were related to the stature
of the human figure
Modulor
The traditional Japanese unit of measure, the shaku, was originally imported
from China. It is almost equivalent to the English foot and divisible into decimal
units.
Ken
.5 ken
Tokonoma Shelves
Study area
1 ken
Reception
Partial Plan
Ken
Tokonoma
3-mat Room
4-mat Room
Ken
4.5-mat Room
10-mat Room
3-mat Room
4-mat Room
Ken
4.5-mat Room
Two methods of designing with the ken modular grid
developed that affected its dimension.
Kyo-ma method, the floor mat remained constant 6-mat Room
(3.15 x 6.30 shaku) and the column spacing (ken
module) varied according to the size of the room and
ranged from 6.4 to 6.7 shaku
8-mat Room
10-mat Room
Ken
Urban scale when we refer to the size of a project in the context of a city
Neighborhood scale when we judge a building appropriate to its locale within a city
Street scale when we note the relative sizes of elements fronting a roadway
SCALE
At the scale of a building, all elements, no matter how plain or unimportant they may be, have a certain size. Its
dimensions may be predetermined by the manufacturer, or they may be selected by the designer from a range of
choices. Nevertheless, we perceive the size of each element in relation to other parts
or to the whole of a composition
SCALE