General Back Ground of Switchyard

PRESENTER :
SONAM TOBGAY
HEAD, SMU

1 10/20/20
 220/66/11kV SWITCHYARD
Area: 208m x 107.5m in 3 benches at EL 1,429m, EL
1,430 m and EL 1432m.
Type: Open Door 
220/66/11 kV feeders are:
Transmission Voltage: 66 kV and 220 kV
Out going 220 kV Feeders-4 Numbers
Outgoing 66kV Feeders-2 Numbers
11 kV feeders-18 Numbers

2 10/20/20
 What is a Switchyard?
… what does it do?
… how does it work?

These are excellent

questions!

3 10/20/20
 What is Switch Yard?
Switchyard means collection of
electrical equipments where high
voltage electricity is switched using
various components
Electrical switchyard are usually part
of a substation where electricity is
transformed from one voltage to
another for the transmission and
distribution
4 10/20/20
 How Switchyard Works?

5 10/20/20
 Typical Components of Switchyard

• CONNECT •A - Busbar
• CONNECT & DIS-CONNECT •B - Isolators
• CONNECT, DIS-CONNECT & DETECT
•C - Circuit Breaker

• DETECT & TRANSFORM •D - Current Transformer

• DETECT & TRANSFORM •E - Voltage Transformer
• PROTECT & SAFETY
•F - Earthing Switch
• PROTECT
•G - Surge Arrestor

6 10/20/20
 Thank You
7 10/20/20
 MAINTENACE OF
TRANSFORMERS
BREAKERS
COMPRESSOR

PRESENTOR
TSHERING DUBA
AE/SMU

8 10/20/20
 Basic of Transformer
Transformer is a static device which transforms
electrical energy from one circuit to another
without any direct electrical connection and with
the help of mutual induction between to windings.
It transforms power from one circuit to another
without changing its frequency but may be in
different voltage level.
 Two different voltage level transformer are
20MVA and 3 MVA

9 10/20/20
 Working Principle of transformer
The working principle of transformer  depends upon Faraday’s law of
electromagnetic induction.
“Rate of change of flux linkage with respect to time is directly proportional to the
induced EMF in a conductor or coil".
Actually mutual induction between two or more winding is responsible for
transformation action in an electrical transformer

10 10/20/20
 20 MVA Transformer
Two step-down transformers
20 MVA capacity
Each are provided at switchyard for
meeting the requirement of power at
voltage of 66 kV and below

11 10/20/20
 Technical Details
20 MVA Transformer Technical Data
Details Specifications
Manufacturer Crompton Greaves
Rating 20 MVA, 66/11 kV, 52.5/175
A, 50 Hz, 3 phase
Type of cooling ONAN/ONAF
HV to LV connection Star/Star
Vector Group HV-LV Yyod1
Basic insulation level:  
a)       HV 950 kVp
b)       LV 325 kVp
   
% Impedance voltage 12.5% on 20 MVA base.
HV-LV
Taps 16 Taps on HV to give -10%
to +10% variations in equal
12 steps of 1¼%. 10/20/20
 20 MVA Transformer
Periodic Maintenance
Clean transformer body and bushings; check
leakage of oil.
Check oil level in conservator tank, Buchholz relay
and HV busing. If found low top up.
Carry out physical checks on all bushings for
crack or breakage of porcelain.
Check the colour of silica gel. Change if
necessary.

13 10/20/20
 20 MVA Transformer
Yearly Maintenance
Test the work of emulsifier
Measure and record IR of both HV and LV windings to
earth.
Check and measure the arching horn gaps of HV and
LV bushing and record them. They should be 1394mm
and 472 mm respectively.
Take oil sample for testing and examine the internal
condition of transformers. If the test values are less
than requirement, oil is either filtered or replaced.
Replace silica gel
14 10/20/20
 3MVA Distribution Transformer
3 MVA distribution transformer-
3numbers
Step down transformer-66kV to
11kV
Connected to give 11 kV supplies to
Power station and residential
colonies/areas in vicinity
15 10/20/20
 Technical Details
3 MVA Transformer Technical Data
Details Specifications
Manufacturer Electric Construction and
Equipment Co. Ltd.
Rating 3 MVA, 66/11 kV,
26.24/157.46 A, 50 Hz, 3
phase
Type of cooling ONAN
HV to LV connections Delta/Star

Vector Group HV- DYn11

LV
Basic insulation level 325 kVp for HV and 75 kVp
HV for LV
% Impedance voltage 7.21%
16HV-LV 10/20/20
3MVA Distribution Transformer
Annual /Monthly maintenance
o Clean the transformer body
o Clean of HV/LV bushing
o Check of oil level and leakages
o Check the color & replace the silica gel
o Tighten of all the jumpers nut & bolt
o Measure the arc horn gap and adjust.
o Take the IR values

17 10/20/20
 >>Avoid getting close to the bushing or termination while the
transformer is charged.
>>Do not remove the cap of the bushing test terminal or the cover of
the voltage measuring terminal.
>>Transformer must be de-energized and all terminals properly
grounded using the proper terminals and cables prior to attempting
inspection of pipe work and prior to performing any maintenance or
testing.
>>Count and make a list of the tools and other material carried
on/inside the transformer before any inspection/repair work. Count
the tools and verify as per the list after the work is done. Do not
leave any tools/accessories on/inside the transformer before returning
the work permit. For safety purpose, preferably tie the
tools/accessories (if possible) so as to avoid their fall to prevent
damage to the insulation etc.
>>Never operate the off-circuit tap changer of the transformer under
energized condition

18 10/20/20
 CIRCUIT BREAKERS
Basic of CBs
It’s an automatically operated electrical
switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from
damage caused by  overload or short circuit.
It detect a fault condition and interrupt current
flow.
It can be reset (either manually or automatically) to
resume normal operation.

19 10/20/20
 Working principle of CBs
 Has two contacts: fixed and moving contact
 Under normal conditions these two contacts
remain in closed position.
 Abnormal conditions the moving contact
interrupts the circuit to isolate the fault.
 On the separation of the contacts, the flow of
current is interrupted, resulting in the formation
of arc between the contacts.

20 10/20/20
21 10/20/20
Types and its Commissioning dates
Types of CBs still existing are :
1. SF6 CB – 220kV (fdr I & II-21.01.2006, fdr
III-and fdr IV-04.01.2006) and 66 kV
feeders(23.12.2003)
2. VCB -11kV feeders(31.012.1999)
3. ACB-415V feeders( initially)

22 10/20/20
 MAINTENANCE
Periodic Maintenance
Yearly Maintenance

23 10/20/20
 Technical Details of Circuit Breakers
Details 220 kV SF6 CB 66 kV SF6 CB 11 kV VCB
Manufacturer Asea Brown Boveri Asea Brown Boveri Alstom.
Ltd. India Ltd. India
Manufacturer’s Designation SGF 36…362 SGF 36…362 VMX Single Bus bar.
Voltage rating 245 kV 72.5 kV 12.5 kV
Number of poles Three single poles Three single poles Three single poles
Frequency rating 50 Hz 50 Hz 50 Hz
Normal current rating 1,250 A 1,250 A 630 A
Short time current rating:
a) 1 second 34 kA (rms) 34 kA (rms) 18.4 kA (rms)
b) 3 second 20 kA (rms 20 kA (rms)

Breaking capacity:
a) Rated short circuit breaking 20 kA (rms) 20 kA (rms)
Current at 220kV.
b) Rated short circuit(AC 20 kA (rms) 20 kA (rms)
component) at 245 kV
Percentage DC component 48% 48%
Rated short circuit Current 50 kA (peak) 50 kA (peak)
Impulse withstand test voltage 1,050 kV peak 1,050 kV peak
Number of break per pole One One
Control circuit voltage 220 V DC 220 V DC 220 V DC
24 10/20/20
 ISOLATORS
 Mechanical devices used to isolate the power
equipment from the network.
 Type: SGF 36-362, 220kV rotator dic-connectors
of ABB make.
 commissioned and completed on 10.06.2008.
 33 sets-220kV and 9 sets-66kV horizontal centre
break isolator installed.
 Gantry mounted with both remote and manual
option of operation.

25 10/20/20
 Technical Details of Isolators
Details 245 kV 66 kV
Manufacturer ABB, India. Switchgear
Company, India
Type Single break Double break
Current Rating 1,600 A 1,600 A
Short time current
rating: 51 kA (assigned) 51 kA
a) 1 s kA (rms) 33.6 33.6
b) 3 s kA (rms)
Operating mechanism.
a) Type Motor Manually(Hand
b) Operating operated(reduct drive)
voltage for ion gear) 220 V, DC
motor 220 V, DC
ISOLATOR
c) Type of motor MT 50/100
Clearance:
Between live part to 2,300 mm
ground
Between poles 2,700 mm

26 10/20/20
 MAINTENANCE
 Both yearly and periodically maintenance are
carried out.
 Check tightness and clean the various clamps,
nuts, connectors, the tension and suspension
insulator strings near the isolator.
 Check the opening and closing of isolator and
earthing switch both manually and from remote.
 Check healthiness of closing and opening
contactors and grease the counter contact.
 Clean the cubicles box, support insulators, rods
and check for damages.

27 10/20/20
 COMPRESSORS
 ELGI make,O3 250 ABB type air compressors.
 Provided with 3-phase, 4.5A AC motors.
 Breaking Pressure(Max. 24kg/Sq. cm and Min.
21.1kg/Sq. cm)
 These are provided for CBs of units, feeders, bus
coupler breaker and 20MVA transformer
emulsifier systems.

28 10/20/20
 MAINTENANCE

Periodic/Yearly Maintenance

Check oil level.

Check and clean the air filter
and suction filter.
Check tightness of V-belt and
proper operation of valves.
Check for any air leakage in the
pipe line and attend it if
necessary
29 10/20/20
 S/S & BVC Equipment
SURGE SHAFT
To handle rapid water flow transients,
with associated pressure pulsations,
caused by sudden changes in
generation.
It is provided at the end of HRT tunnel.
To provide enough space for maximum
upsurge at instantaneous station load
throw off, surge expansion chamber
has been provided.
No major maintenance is required at
Surge Shaft. However, maintenance as
required need to be carried out on the
equipment provided at this location.

30 10/20/20
 SURGE SHAFT
ANNUAL MAINTENANCE
 Visually inspect the steel wire ropes.
 Apply camex compound on wire ropes.
 Overhaul rope-drum hoisting mechanism.
 Check for scaling/rusting at gate area.
 Skin plates & paint if necessary.
 Check condition of gate rubber seals.
 Check side & bottom seals clamp bolts.
 Tighten side & bottom seals clamp bolts.
 Face lift using epoxy enamel paint.
 Lighting system
31 10/20/20
 Butterfly valve Technical Data
Details Specifications
Manufacturer BHEL
Type of valve Conventional(Lens)
door type
Diameter 3,000 mm
Maximum flow 52 m3/s
Normal opening and Oil pressure
closing
Emergency closing By weight (2,650 kg)
Design Pressure 7.5 kg/cm2
Test pressure 11 kg/cm2
Valve opening time 5 mins
Valve closing time 1.3 mins
Emergency closing 1.5 mins
time
32 Total weight 24.5 tonnes 10/20/20
 BUTTERFLY VALVE CHAMBER
Two steel lined horizontal penstock tunnels
emerging out of Surge Shaft join the
Butterfly Valves at BVC.
The inclined portion of pressure shafts are
taken at 30 m from the Butterfly Valve
Chamber.
The chamber is 58.5 m long, 10.5 m wide and
15.75 m high and accommodates two penstock
Butterfly Valves spaced at 30 m center to
center.

33 10/20/20
 BUTTERFLY VALVE CHAMBER
Annual Maintenance:
Clean/paint BFV.
Paint BVC Entrance Gates.
Inspect steel ropes and clean BVC crane.
Apply cadmum compound on gate ropes.
Paint Ribs/RS joint of BVC exit tunnel.
Cleaning BVC ventilation blower duct.
Lighting system

34 10/20/20
 Basics of Diesel Generator
It is the combination of a diesel engine with
an electric generator  (often an alternator ) to
generate electrical energy.
Diesel generating sets are used in places
without connection to the power grid, as
emergency power-supply if the grid

35 10/20/20
 DG SETs Maintenance
Monthly Maintenance:
 Check/Replace LT panels indication bulbs
 Tighten all terminal ends of the battery
 Apply petroleum jelly on the terminals
 Check/refill coolant level of radiator
 Check engine oil level and leakage from the
pipelines
 Fill up the sump if found low
 Clean fuel tank & air filter
 Change air filter elements, if required

36 10/20/20
 DIESEL GENERATOR SET
Diesel Generator Sets Technical Data

Details Switchyard
Generator 600 kVA
Engine 10K18TA
Name of manufactures Kirloskar

Design rating 400 kW

Continuous output 400 kW

Maximum rating 10% over load

Power factor 0.8

Rated voltage 415 V

Rated current/phase 700 A

Speed 1,500 rpm

Frequency 50 Hz
Field current at rated output-voltage. 45 A
37 10/20/20
Insulation class Stator/ Rotor F
 THANK YOU
38 10/20/20