Locating Principle and Locators
Locating Principle and Locators
Locating Principle and Locators
AND LOCATORS
LOCATORS
To perform properly, workholders must accurately and
consistently position the workpiece relative to the cutting
tool, part after part. To accomplish this, the locators must
ensure that the workpiece is properly referenced and the
process is repeatable.
Fool proofing
Duplicate location
Motion economy
POSITIONING THE LOCATOR
Locators should contact the work on a solid and stable
point:
This permits accurate placement of the part in the tool &
ensures the repeatability of the jig and fixture
Position the locators such that they contact the
workpiece on a machined surface. The machined surface
usually offers a more-stable form of location.
Proper spacing of locator is necessary
LOCATING GUIDELINES
LOCATING GUIDELINES
ACCURACY & TOLERANCES
The workpiece itself determines the overall size of a
locating element.
Locators must be made to suit the MMC
(Maximum-Material Condition) of the area to be located.
(The MMC of a feature is the size of the feature where is
has the maximum amount of
material).
With external features, like shafts, the MMC is
the largest size within the limits.
With internal features, like holes, it is the
smallest size within the limits.
MAXIMUM-MATERIAL CONDITION
FOOL PROOFING
Ensures that the part fits into the tool in its correct
position only.
The simplest and most cost effective method is
positioning a fool proof pin.
DUPLICATE LOCATION
Redundant, or duplicate, locators should be avoided.
MOTION ECONOMY
It involves use of easy, quick and economic loading of
work pieces.
THE MECHANICS OF LOCATING
A workpiece free in space can move in an infinite
number of directions. For analysis, this motion can be
broken down into twelve directional movements, or
"degrees of freedom."
3-2-1 LOCATING PRINCIPLE
Common types:-
Ring nest
Full nest
Nesting/Cavity Locating
The nesting method of locating features a cavity in the
work holding device into which the w/p is placed and
located.
Limitations of nesting:
a) Since the w/p is completely surrounded in the
cavity, it is often difficult to lift it out from the
nest.
b) Chips from the cutting operation may lodge in
the nest which must be removed before
locating the next w/p. Any chips remaining may
interfere with the proper positioning of the next
work piece.
c) Ejecting device may be needed.
V-Locator for cylindrical workpiece
In case of a cylindrical object 3-2-1 method will restrict 7 degrees of
freedom instead of 9 in case of a rectangular workpiece.
3-2-1 Method applied to cylindrical w/p:
a) Horizontal plane restricts movement in 2
rotational freedom around X axis and the
downward freedom along Y axis.