Design and Fabrication of Pneumatic Crane Presentation

GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING
COLLEGE,DAHOD
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
DESIGN AND FABRICATION
OF PNEUMATIC CRANE
PRESENTED BY:- GUIDED BY:-

 MAHETA DEVANSHU B. (110180119031)
 NAKUM PRAVIN C. (110180119055)
B. N. GELOT SIR
 AMBALIYA VIJAY V. (110180119071)
 KANJARIYA KISHOR G. (110180119080)
INTRODUCTION
Crane- A crane is a lifting machine which is used both to lift

and lower materials and to move them horizontally.
Cranes have come into their present widespread application

only since the introduction of engines, internal-combustion
engines, and electric motors, beginning in the 19th century.
CLASSIFICATION OF
CRANE
Cranes can be broadly classified into three groups:
1.Mechanical Cranes
2.Hydraulic Cranes
3.Pneumatic Cranes
1. Mechanical Cranes:- These uses one or more simple
machines like engine, motor etc. to create mechanical
advantage.
2. Hydraulic Cranes:- These cranes use a hydraulic system
using an incompressible fluid.
3. Pneumatic Cranes:-These cranes use a pneumatic
cylinder that impart a force by converting the potential
energy of compressed gas into kinetic energy.
PNEUMATIC CRANE
The pneumatic crane consists of pneumatic cylinder,
pneumatic reservoir, air compressor, pneumatic hoses, DCV,
beam and hooks.
The pneumatic cylinder is connected to the horizontal arm.
The pneumatic compressor compresses the air and pump

transfer it to the pneumatic reservoir which hose in upward
direction. At the same time material is lifted with the help of
hook and pneumatic cylinder released to the pressure valve so
the material is unloaded. The material from one place goes to
the other place with the help of pneumatic crane.
COMPONENTS OF
PNEUMATIC CRANE
Base plate/ Truck/Pallet:- It is a plate that serves as a base or support.
It is used for carrying the overall weight of the project. It is made of mild
steel. In this 4 bars are welded by using Electric Arc Welding to give it a
rectangular shape. It is made up of cast iron.
Direction control valve:- This is a Lever operated Direction Control

Valve. This is used for controlling the direction of fluid flow in the
pneumatic hoses from pneumatic tank to pneumatic cylinder and vice-
versa during arm extension and arm retraction simultaneously.
CONTINUE….
COMPONENTS OF
PNEUMATIC CRANE
Vertical column:- This is mounted on the pallet/base plate/truck in
longitudinal or Y-direction. It consists of a short handle which is welded
to the vertical column for 360◦ rotation of the column so that the load
can be dropped at the required position. It consists of roller bearing at the
base in the circumferential manner to reduce friction at the time of
rotating the vertical column.
Thrust ball bearings:- Ball bearings are called
as ‘anti friction bearings’. This is a misnomer
because friction is always present in such bearings,
mainly owing to rolling resistance between the
balls or rollers and the race. It carries the vertical
thrust and axial load.
CONTINUE….
COMPONENTS OF
PNEUMATIC CRANE
Horizontal arm:- It is fixed horizontal arm on which our pneumatic
piston and cylinder is mounted. It is fixed with the vertical column with
welded joint which can rotate with the rotating vertical column to 360°
rotation.
Pneumatic cylinder: A Pneumatic cylinder
(also called a linear pneumatic motor) is a
mechanical actuator that is used to give a
unidirectional force through a unidirectional
stroke. Pneumatic cylinders get their power
from pressurized pneumatic fluid, which is
typically oil. The pneumatic cylinder consists
of a cylinder barrel, in which a piston
connected to a piston rod moves back and
forth. CONTINUE….
COMPONENTS OF
PNEUMATIC CRANE
Air compressor:- An air compressor is a device which converts power
into kinetic energy by compressing and pressurising air, which on
command can be released in quick bursts.
Hook:- Hook is fixed with the

secondary horizontal arm. Hook is
used for attaching the load to
secondary horizontal arm which
moves up and down due which the
connected loads are lifted and
rotates.
PNEUMATIC CYLINDER
Pneumatic cylinders are mechanical devices which produce
force in combination with movement and are powered by
compressed gas (air).
A piston reciprocates inside the cylinder. A pump is used to

supply air to the cylinder.
The compressed gas expand and forces piston to move in

the desired direction.
Pneumatic cylinders are of two types.

1. Single acting cylinder
2. Double acting cylinder
SINGLE ACTING
CYLINDER
A Single acting cylinder is a cylinder in which working fluid
acts on one side of piston only.
Operation Diagram of Single

Acting Cylinder
DOUBLE ACTING
CYLINDER
A Double acting cylinder is a cylinder in which the working
fluid acts alternately on both side of the piston.
Operation Diagram of Double

Acting Cylinder
DESIGN OF PNEUMATIC
CRANE
There are three major considerations in the design of cranes.
1. The crane must be able to lift the weight of the load.
2. The crane must not topple.
3. The crane must not rupture.
For designing a pneumatic crane, following parameters are considered

in our work.
1. Stroke Length of Cylinder
2. Forces on Cylinder
3. Design of Cylinder
4. Calculation for Crane Stability
CONSTRUCTION OF
PNEUMATIC CRANE
MANUFACTURING OF
 CRANE
The Pneumatic crane which was manufactured has 12 parts. They are
Base plate/Truck/Pallet, Air Compressor, Pneumatic hoses, Direction
control valve, Vertical column, Ball bearings, Horizontal arm, Secondary
horizontal arm, Pneumatic cylinder, Roller, Hook, Nuts and Bolts,
Wheels. Base plates are made of caste iron metal rod.
The rods are cut according to the dimensions and they are welded
using metal arc welding. Then bearing was selected according to the
thrust and axial load and vertical column are fitted on the bearing so that
it can rotate to a 360°. The fixed horizontal arm is welded and secondary
horizontal arm was fixed with hook. Pneumatic system are selected
according to the power required and capacity of tank.
CONTINUE….
MANUFACTURING OF
CRANE
Although, some parts were bought from the market however, the other
components were manufactured and produced to specification. The Table
below shows the details and various manufacturing processes used in the
production of the components.
OPERATION MACHINE TOOL MATERIAL USED

USED
Manufacture of hand lever Welding machine, Mild steel
and finishing grinding machine and hack
saw.
Cutting and grinding of Cutting torch, grinding Mild steel
the I-section column machine
Welding operation of Welding Machine ------------
joints
ASSEMBLY OF PARTS
 Arrangement of four wheels on the four the base plate.
 Assembly of fixture for holding the bearing and the vertical column.
 Assembly of secondary horizontal arm on fixed horizontal arm.
 Assembly of pneumatic tank on the base plate.
 Assembly of fixture for directional control valve.
 Assembly of pneumatic piston on the fixed horizontal arm.
 Connection of hoses with the piston, directional control valve, and

the fuel tank.
ADVANTAGES OF
PNEUMATIC CRANE
Simplicity of Design And Control
Machines are easily designed using standard cylinders &
other components. Control is as easy as it is simple ON - OFF
type control.
Reliability
Pneumatic systems tend to have long operating lives and
require very little maintenance.
Because gas is compressible, the equipment is less likely to
be damaged by shock. The gas in pneumatics absorbs
excessive force, whereas the fluid of hydraulics directly
transfers force.
CONTINUE….
ADVANTAGES OF
PNEUMATIC CRANE
Storage
Compressed Gas can be stored, allowing the use of
machines when electrical power is lost.
Extremely stable in use:-

Because the pneumatic cranes use a fixed system of pipes,
constant pressure can be maintained once a part of the system
has been moved into place, and this makes them extremely
stable in use, and able to support relatively large weights.
DISADVANTAGES OF
PNEUMATIC CRANE
Load cannot be carried at an angle i.e., rotation of arm is not
possible
Load on human labour increases thus increasing the

possibility of manual error
As the number of moving parts increases due to the

provision of adjustable arm and foldable base, thus increasing
the mechanical looses caused by friction, also causes wear of
the moving parts.
THAN
K
YOU…

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GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING

PRESENTED BY:- GUIDED BY:-

Crane- A crane is a lifting machine which is used both to lift

Cranes have come into their present widespread application

The pneumatic cylinder is connected to the horizontal arm.

The pneumatic compressor compresses the air and pump

Direction control valve:- This is a Lever operated Direction Control

Hook:- Hook is fixed with the

A piston reciprocates inside the cylinder. A pump is used to

The compressed gas expand and forces piston to move in

Pneumatic cylinders are of two types.

Operation Diagram of Single

Operation Diagram of Double

For designing a pneumatic crane, following parameters are considered

OPERATION MACHINE TOOL MATERIAL USED

 Assembly of secondary horizontal arm on fixed horizontal arm.

 Assembly of pneumatic tank on the base plate.

 Assembly of fixture for directional control valve.

 Assembly of pneumatic piston on the fixed horizontal arm.

 Connection of hoses with the piston, directional control valve, and

Extremely stable in use:-

Load on human labour increases thus increasing the

As the number of moving parts increases due to the

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