1 Methods of Philosophizing Socratic

METHODS OF
PHILOSOPHIZING
Rollee Balona, MATPh
OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
• Define and explain the Socratic method of
philosophizing
• Analyze expressions and statements that show the
differences of opinion, fact, and truth
• Justify the validity of the statement “The Socratic
method of philosophizing leads to wisdom and truth.”
Before anything else…
• What is LOVE?
• What is HOPE?
• What is BEAUTY?
Socratic Questioning…
• …a type of interrogative statement that clarifies

points through understanding the deeper meaning of a
claim
METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING
• …a process of determining the truth or drawing a
conclusion from a statement using various
philosophical methods, such as:
– Socratic
– Dialectic
– Scientific, and
– Historical
SOCRATIC METHOD
• …also known by the Greek term “elenchus” that
means “to inquire or to cross examine”
• …an exchange of ideas using Socratic questioning
• …developed by Socrates, a Greek philosopher and
teacher, who laid the groundwork for western system
of philosophy and logic
SOCRATIC METHOD
• …in this process, statements are deconstructed or
questioned to come up with the actual truth that is
believed to rest on the roots of the argument
• …conflicting ideas are seen as invalid sources of the
truth and probing questions are immediately derived
from the given statements
SOCRATIC METHOD
• …in the classroom setting, this method is used not to
intimidate students, but to produce a deeper
understanding of thoughts and ideas through further
questioning statement or claims
SOCRATIC METHOD
• …there is no particular end goal aside from reaching
an absolute truth from probing statements and in the
process, eliminating ideas that are questionable or
contradicting
SOCRATIC METHOD
• Examples…
– A psychologist tries to dig deeper into the story of
his patient who only mentions vague and general
ideas
– A lawyer asks further questions about the suspect’s
whereabouts during the crime because she is not
entirely convinced by his alibi
SOCRATIC METHOD
• Examples…
– A mother questions her son’s real reason for his
excessive absences from school
OPINION, FACT and TRUTH
• In using the Socratic Method, it is important to
analyze expressions and statements that show the
differences of opinion, fact and truth
• OPINION
– …an expression of one’s feelings based on facts,
emotions, beliefs or views
– …it is not based on evidence
• Examples:
– Filipinos are the most resilient and hospitable people in the
world
– Manny Pacquiao is the best Filipino boxer
• FACT
– …a statement that can be checked and backed up
with evidence
– …often used in conjunction with research and
study
• Examples:
– Based on the Miss World Organization records, Megan Young
was the first Filipina to be crowned as Miss World. She won
the title in 2013 in Bali, Ind.
• FACT
– …a statement that can be checked and backed up
with evidence
– …often used in conjunction with research and
study
• Examples:
– According to the Philippine statistics Authority, the country’s
total population is 92,337,852 based on the recent May 2010
census
• TRUTH
– …something that has actual and proven existence
scientifically and spiritually regardless of one’s
opinion and beliefs
– …undisputed, objective, universal, constant, exact
and factual
• Examples:
– All things that can be seen is temporal (undisputed)
• TRUTH
opinion and beliefs
and factual
• Examples:
– Two plus two equals four (2 + 2 = 4) (exact)
• TRUTH
opinion and beliefs
and factual
• Examples:
– The Philippines, as proven in geographical and anthropological
properties, is a country in Southeast Asia (Factual)
• OPINION is what someone believes/thinks.
• FACT is firmly planted in the material world
• TRUTH extends to the spiritual realm
Socratic Method leads to Wisdom and Truth
• The Socratic Method

– …emphasized to use statement
deconstructions and creative questioning
to delve deeper in to an issue
– …a systematic process whereby random
and ambiguous ideas are eliminated to
reach a sound conclusion
Socratic Method leads to Wisdom and Truth
• The Socratic Method

– …reaching an endpoint, therefore, would
only mean that truth has been realized and
new knowledge has been acquired
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METHODS OF

• …a type of interrogative statement that clarifies

• The Socratic Method

• The Socratic Method

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