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    Acoustical Properties of Building Materials

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    Jackielyn Abas
    1. Absorption is the process by which sound is absorbed by materials, reducing noise and controlling reverberation. 2. The three main types of sound absorbing devices are fibrous materials, panel resonators, and volume resonators. 3. Variable absorbers allow absorption properties to be changed, like movable panels or draperies, to control sound in performance spaces.

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    Acoustical Properties of Building Materials

    Uploaded by

    Jackielyn Abas
    342 views29 pages
    1. Absorption is the process by which sound is absorbed by materials, reducing noise and controlling reverberation. 2. The three main types of sound absorbing devices are fibrous materials, panel resonators, and volume resonators. 3. Variable absorbers allow absorption properties to be changed, like movable panels or draperies, to control sound in performance spaces.

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    Acoustical Properties of Building Materials

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    1. Absorption is the process by which sound is absorbed by materials, reducing noise and controlling reverberation. 2. The three main types of sound absorbing devices are fibrous materials, panel resonators, and volume resonators. 3. Variable absorbers allow absorption properties to be changed, like movable panels or draperies, to control sound in performance spaces.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    342 views29 pages

    Acoustical Properties of Building Materials

    Uploaded by

    Jackielyn Abas
    1. Absorption is the process by which sound is absorbed by materials, reducing noise and controlling reverberation. 2. The three main types of sound absorbing devices are fibrous materials, panel resonators, and volume resonators. 3. Variable absorbers allow absorption properties to be changed, like movable panels or draperies, to control sound in performance spaces.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 29

    ACOUSTICAL

    PROPERTIES OF
    BUILDING MATERIALS
    LESSON 5
    ABSORPTION
    • The process or action by which one thing
    absorbs or is absorbed by another.
    • The rate which sound is absorbed in a room is
    a prime factor in reducing noise and
    controlling reverberation.
    HOW SOUND IS
    ABSORBED?
    • Sound is absorbed by mechanism which
    converts the sound into the other forms of
    energy and ultimately into heat.
    • Material has a big impact to a sound; If the
    material is sufficiently porous, and of
    appropriate thickness, sound wave maybe
    absorbed in this manner.
    MECHANICS OF ABSORPTION

    • (a) Action of an incoming sound wave striking a


    heavy barrier. Much of the energy is reflected.
    Some is absorbed and a little is transmitted.
    (b) Action of acoustic absorbent material alone.
    Very little energy is reflected, some is
    absorbed, and most is transmitted.
    • (c) Action of acoustic absorbent is applied to
    the heavy wall, it “traps” sound preventing
    reflection, while wall mass acts to reduce
    transmission.
    • In the untreated space (a) reverberant
    (reflected) sound constitutes the greater the
    portion of received sound in much of the
    room. These reflections are largely eliminated
    in (b) by wall and ceiling absorption.
    ABSORPTIVE MATERIALS
    • There are three families of devices for sound
    absorption –
    (a) FIBROUS MATERIALS
    (b) PANEL RESONATORS
    (c) VOLUME RESONATORS
    A. FIBROUS MATERIALS
    • The “FIBROUS” material or porous absorb the
    frictional drag produced by moving the air in
    small spaces with the material.
    • A material needed should be thick to absorb
    low frequency sound effectively.
    B. PANEL AND VOLUME RESONATORS
    • All types absorb sound by changing sound
    energy into heat energy. Only fibrous
    materials and panel resonators are used
    commonly in buildings.
    C. VOLUME RESONATORS
    • Volume resonators are used principally as
    enclosures for absorbing a narrow band of
    frequencies.
    A. For absorbent materials, absorption is normally in higher at
    high frequencies than at low.
    B. Absorption is not always proportional to thickness, but
    depends on the type of material being used and the method
    of installation.
    TYPES OF ACOUSTICAL MATERIALS
    1. PRE – FABRICATED UNITS
    • These include acoustical tile, which is the
    principal type of material available for
    acoustical treatment; mechanically perforated
    units backed with absorbent material; and
    certain wall boards, tile boards and absorbent
    sheets.
    FOUR TYPES OF PRE – FABRICATED UNITS

    • TYPE I. Cast units having a pitted or granular – appearing surface.

    • CLASS A.
    - All mineral units composed of small granular of finely divided
    particles with Portland
    cement binder.
    • CLASS B.
    -All mineral units composed of small granules or finely divided
    particles with lime or gypsum binder.
    • CLASS C.
    -Units composed of small granules or finely divided particles of
    mineral or vegetable origin with incombustible mineral binder.
    TYPE II. Units having perforated surface; the perforations to be
    arranged in a regular pattern.

    • CLASS A.
    - Units having a perforated surface which acts as a covering and
    support for the sound absorbent material to be strong and durable
    and substantially rigid.  
    • CLASS B.
    - Units having slots or grooves extending into the sound absorbent
    material.
    TYPE III. Units having a fissured surface.
    • This type, includes tiles differing widely in composition, Some consists largely of
    filaments or mineral wool granules. These tiles have surfaces that are sanded or planed
    smooth.

    • TYPE IV. Units having a felted fiber surface

    • CLASS A.
    -Units composed of long wood fibers.
    • CLASS B.
    -Units composed of fine felted vegetable fiber or wood pulp.
    • CLASS C.
    - Units composed of mineral fibers.

    TYPE IV. Units having a felted fiber surface.


    ACOUSTICAL PLASTER AND SPRAYED – ON MATERIALS

    • The use of selected types of acoustical plastic


    materials has proved highly satisfactory for
    the treatment of offices, school rooms,
    corridors, and many public building.
    • - The absorptive of such material as acoustical
    plaster is dependent on its thickness and
    composition and on the manner applied and
    dried.
    • TYPE I. Acoustical Plaster
    - This shall be composed of a cementations material such as gypsum,
    Portland cement, or lime with or without an aggregate.

    • TYPE II. Acoustic materials other than acoustic plaster which are
    applied with a trowel.

    • TYPE III. Fibrous material combined with a binder agent and which
    are applied by being sprayed on with an air gun or blower.
    ACOUSTICAL BLANKETS
    • The material used most commonly in the
    fabrication of acoustical blankets are mineral
    wood, hair felt, wood fiber, and glass fiber.
    • The thickness of these blankets is generally
    between ½ and 4 inches.
    PERFORATED FACINGS
    • A perforated facing such as plywood, metal, or
    fiber board constitutes a very practical
    covering for an acoustical blanket.
    • The facing are acoustically transparent over a
    wide range of frequencies. Thus, if plane
    sound wave is normally incident on a wall
    containing a small aperture.
    MOUNTING ACOUSTICAL MATERIALS
    • The manner of mounting acoustical materials can
    influenced markedly their absorptive properties.
    Certain materials that are unsatisfactory when
    applied directly against a rigid wall may be
    satisfactory when they are mounted some other way.
    • Acoustical tiles are most frequently mounted by
    adhesives, nails or screws, or by a mechanical system
    such as T-splines which engage in a horizontal kerfs
    along the side edges of a tile.
    • Tiles fastened by screws are usually held more
    securely than those fastened by nails. Also, they can
    removed quickly. Facilities are now available for rapid
    application by electrically driven screws.

    • Either nails or screws can be used to mount


    acoustical materials on wood furring strips.
    ABSORPTION BY PATCHES OF MATERIALS

     The location and distribution of absorptive materials in room


    affects:

    (1) The absorption due to the material and


    (2) The distribution of sound in the room 

    • The most effective positions for the usual types of absorptive


    materials, are not at (or to close to) the corners, especially at
    frequencies at which the wavelengths are large compared to
    the dimensions of patch.
    SPECIAL SOUND-ABSORPTIVE CONSTRUCTION

    • Many absorptive materials and constructions that are


    not described earlier above are useful or even
    indispensable for certain type of acoustical
    installations.
    • Often this special treatments, when used in
    understanding and imagination provide not only
    better acoustics that can be obtained by the used of
    standards.
    DRAPERIES
    • Draperies are not satisfactory for the absorptive treatment of an
    auditorium. Although very absorptive at high frequencies, they
    are only slightly absorptive at low frequencies.

      PANEL ABSORBERS
    • This panel, if made sufficiently durable and flexible materials like
    pressed wood fiber or paper boards, plywood, or plastic boards, can
    be employed for ceilings, wainscoting, or even for the entire walls of
    room where low frequencies absorption is required.
    • The absorption coefficient of a thin wood panel can be increased by
    placing an absorptive material
    ROTATABLE CYLINDERS
    • The convex surface of each cylinder is made up of three
    different materials each extending the full length of the
    cylinder and 120 degrees around it.

    ROTATABLE PANELS
    • The rotation of panels has a pronounced influence on the
    diffusion as well as on the absorption of sound in the room.
    • This panel control diffusion. They can be bucked by an air
    space and an absorptive blanket.
    VARIABLE ABSORBERS
    • Variable absorbers are certain rooms,
    especially some broadcast studios and music
    rooms make use of variable absorbers such as
    higher panels, rotatable cylinders or movable
    draperies.
    SUSPENDED ABSORBERS

    • In certain type of enclosed spaces it is difficult to


    apply the conventional type of acoustical treatment
    so that absorptive surfaces will be located near the
    source of noise.
    • The use of such suspended absorbers is especially
    adaptable to locations where there are no extended
    surfaces in which to apply acoustical tile, or similar
    materials.
    QUESTIONS:

    1. WHAT IS ABSORPTION?
    2. WHAT ARE THE THREE FAMILIES OF DEVICES
    FOR SOUND ABSORPTION?
    3. WHAT IS VARIABLE ABSORBERS?
    4. WHAT ARE THE FOUR TYPES OF PRE-
    FABRICATED UNITS?
    5. WHAT IS ROTATABLE PANELS?

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