The Industrial Revolution had widespread socio-economic impacts. New machines replaced handwork and greatly increased production. This led to changes in manufacturing, transportation, technology, and more. It affected living conditions across Europe, North America, and elsewhere. Notable developments included new iron and textile manufacturing techniques, the invention of steam engines, and expanding transportation networks like canals, roads, and railways. The Crystal Palace Exhibition of 1851 in London showcased new technologies and was a landmark event held in one of the earliest modern structures built with iron and glass.
The Industrial Revolution had widespread socio-economic impacts. New machines replaced handwork and greatly increased production. This led to changes in manufacturing, transportation, technology, and more. It affected living conditions across Europe, North America, and elsewhere. Notable developments included new iron and textile manufacturing techniques, the invention of steam engines, and expanding transportation networks like canals, roads, and railways. The Crystal Palace Exhibition of 1851 in London showcased new technologies and was a landmark event held in one of the earliest modern structures built with iron and glass.
The Industrial Revolution had widespread socio-economic impacts. New machines replaced handwork and greatly increased production. This led to changes in manufacturing, transportation, technology, and more. It affected living conditions across Europe, North America, and elsewhere. Notable developments included new iron and textile manufacturing techniques, the invention of steam engines, and expanding transportation networks like canals, roads, and railways. The Crystal Palace Exhibition of 1851 in London showcased new technologies and was a landmark event held in one of the earliest modern structures built with iron and glass.
The Industrial Revolution had widespread socio-economic impacts. New machines replaced handwork and greatly increased production. This led to changes in manufacturing, transportation, technology, and more. It affected living conditions across Europe, North America, and elsewhere. Notable developments included new iron and textile manufacturing techniques, the invention of steam engines, and expanding transportation networks like canals, roads, and railways. The Crystal Palace Exhibition of 1851 in London showcased new technologies and was a landmark event held in one of the earliest modern structures built with iron and glass.
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Impact of Industrial Revolution
• Invention of machines and instruments for manufacturing goods
and articles - by 18th century • Machines slowly replaced handwork • Major changes appeared in manufacturing, mining, agriculture, transport and technology. • Effected socio-economic conditions mainly in U.K. and other areas of Europe, U.S.A. and rest of the world. • It started mainly with: iron making, machine based manufacturing, transport & trade expansion by building of canals, improved roads & railways, development of tools, etc. • Machine products were cheap, attractive and produced in large numbers in less time; which resulted in increase in production, trade and marketing. • Publication of newspapers and books on commercial basis for transfer of knowledge. Impact of Industrial Revolution • Technological developments in - Glass making – production of Britain sheet glass, plate glass for – Textile manufacturing windows, thus, use of large – Metallurgy – inventions in glass panes in exteriors & making pig iron, lead, interiors. Eg: Crystal Palace in copper, steel which was 1851. mainly used for construction of bridges. Impact of Industrial Revolution - Steam Engines - Machine tools - Transportation – laying of railway lines in Britain, 1825. - Streetlights – Edison made incandescent bulb in 1879 as an alternative to gas light. - Elevators – facilitating movement of people and materials to upper levels which made way for construction of skyscrapers. -The invention of the first safety elevator in 1852 gave rise to the world's first modern skyscraper, Chicago's Home Insurance Building built in 1884. Impact of Industrial Revolution Public Health and Safety: - The rise of industries created severe problems like pollution. - Epidemics reduced urban population in Europe. - After this, sanitation, sewerage and water distribution systems were regarded as Public Services. - Methods for disposal and treatment of sewage were improved. Social Effects: - Craft workers lost their jobs, unemployment increased. - Riots, strikes and protests by workers, creation of Labour Unions. - Migration of people to urban areas seeking jobs created shortage of houses, water and food. - Enlarging cities created drainage problems; to counter all these problems Regulations, City Planning, Landuse Planning, Industrial laws, Pollution control Boards came into existence. Impact of Industrial Revolution Effect on Architecture and Town Planning: - Suburban agricultural land was used for building industries. - New townships with quarters for workers emerged surrounding the industries. - This increased commercial, recreational, cultural and communication areas. - This brought changes in construction and architectural design. - New building materials like R.C.C., structural steel allowed freedom in planning, openness and other possibilities. - International exhibitions in Europe were held to promote new products. Exhibition structures were greatly built in steel and glass. One such exhibition structure was “Crystal Palace”, London. Crystal Palace, London, 1851 CE: • The Crystal Palace Exhibition in reference to the temporary structure in which it was held, was an international exhibition that took place in Hyde Park, London, from 1 May to 15 October 1851. It was the first in a series of World's Fair exhibitions of culture and industry that were to become a popular 19th-century feature. It was designed by Joseph Paxton with support from structural engineer Charles Fox. It took the form of a massive glass house, 1851 feet (about 564 metres) long by 454 feet (about 138 metres) wide and was constructed from cast iron-frame components and glass made almost exclusively. After the exhibition, the building was moved and rebuilt at Sydenham hill area.