The document discusses experimental and non-experimental research methods. It defines experimental research as designs that involve manipulating variables and randomly assigning participants to conditions to test for causation. Experimental research is further divided into true experimental and quasi-experimental. Non-experimental research observes relationships without manipulation and includes survey research, which collects self-reported data from a sample to understand populations. The document outlines strengths, weaknesses, and ethical principles of survey research as a commonly used non-experimental method.
The document discusses experimental and non-experimental research methods. It defines experimental research as designs that involve manipulating variables and randomly assigning participants to conditions to test for causation. Experimental research is further divided into true experimental and quasi-experimental. Non-experimental research observes relationships without manipulation and includes survey research, which collects self-reported data from a sample to understand populations. The document outlines strengths, weaknesses, and ethical principles of survey research as a commonly used non-experimental method.
The document discusses experimental and non-experimental research methods. It defines experimental research as designs that involve manipulating variables and randomly assigning participants to conditions to test for causation. Experimental research is further divided into true experimental and quasi-experimental. Non-experimental research observes relationships without manipulation and includes survey research, which collects self-reported data from a sample to understand populations. The document outlines strengths, weaknesses, and ethical principles of survey research as a commonly used non-experimental method.
The document discusses experimental and non-experimental research methods. It defines experimental research as designs that involve manipulating variables and randomly assigning participants to conditions to test for causation. Experimental research is further divided into true experimental and quasi-experimental. Non-experimental research observes relationships without manipulation and includes survey research, which collects self-reported data from a sample to understand populations. The document outlines strengths, weaknesses, and ethical principles of survey research as a commonly used non-experimental method.
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Alexander Graham Bell Thomas Edison Galileo Galilei
TELEPHONE LIGHT BULB TELESCOPE
Johannes Gutenberg Alexander Fleming Karl Benz
PRINTING PRESS PENICILLIN AUTOMOBILE (CAR)
How do you think did the inventors come up in discovering the value or greatness of their creations? EXPERIMENTAL AND NON-EXPERIMENTAL research POINTS OF DISCUSSION I. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH Definition of Experimental Research Classifications of Experimental Research Quasi - Experimental Research
II. NON - EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
Definition of Non-Experimental Research Classifications of Non-Experimental Research Survey Research EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 1A DEFINITION Experimental Research Experimental research designs are what many lay- people think of when they think of research; they “ typically involve the manipulation of variables and random assignment of participants to conditions. When done correctly, experimental designs can provide evidence for cause and effect. Because of “ their ability to determine causation, experimental designs are the gold-standard for research in medicine, biology, and so on. Experimental research has strict standards for control within the research design and for establishing “ validity. These designs may also be very resource and labor intensive. 1B CLASSIFICATION Experimental Research Experimental research is categorized into two: true experimental research and quasi-experimental “ research. Your manner of selecting the participants indicates it. The true experimental research absolutely uses random selection in determining who among the participants “ should compose the experimental group. The quasi- experimental research adopts a comparative technique in choosing the subjects. TRUE EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
The researcher determines two groups to perform an
experiment: one group is called the experimental group and the other group is called a placebo group. The experimental group gets the treatment and the placebo does not get any treatment. The researcher repeats the test to increase the validity of the results. QUASI – EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
Those in the soft sciences (Psychology, Sociology,
Humanities, Literature, Education) usually do quasi- experimental research.
Usually, participants chosen in a quasi-experimental
research are those forming a class that remains as one group incapable of disintegration. The not randomly chosen participants are subjected to any of these types of quasi-experimental research: MATCH COMPARISON - choosing a treatment group and another group that has similarities with the treatment group.
TIME SERIES – giving series of pre-tests and post-tests.
SINGLE SUBJECT – controls treatment and condition
applied to just one individual or a group. NON- EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2A DEFINITION Non-Experimental Research Non-Experimental research is a way of finding out truths about a subject by describing the collected data “ about such subject and determining their relationships or connections with one another. Any treatment or condition is not involved in this type of research. But there is a measuring of variables here; “ once you do a non-experimental research, you deal with both qualitative and quantitative data. Your desire to discover people's thoughts, views, feelings and attitudes about a certain societal issue, “ object, place, or event causes you to use non- experimental research. ◦ It is incapable of establishing cause-effect relationships; by itself, it is able, if it takes place in conjunction with other experimental and quasi- experimental research methods. ◦ It involves various ways of data analysis: Primary — analysis of data collected by the researcher himself
“ Secondary — examination of data collected
by other people
Meta-analysis — analysis of data expressed
numerically.
◦ It uses research method that applicable to both
quantitative and qualitative data. SURVEY research Survey research is the most used non-experimental research in Social Sciences. Inquiries, “ investigations, and experiments also happen in this type of non-experimental research, but in terms of types and analysis of data. Survey research is a method of research that aims at knowing what a big number of people think and feel about some social issues. The data it collects “ from these people serving as "representatives or informants" explain or describe the society's thoughts, attitudes and feelings towards such issues. Usually used by researchers to study issues affecting a large population, survey research requires data-gathering techniques such as interview, questionnaire, poll, and telephone
“ interview that primarily consider the size of the
group being studied. Here, the researcher selects a sample of respondents from a small/ large population and provide the chosen subjects a formalized questionnaire. PURPOSES OF SURVEY RESEARCH
◦ To obtain information about people's opinions and
feelings about an issue.
◦ To identify present condition, needs, or problems of
people in a short span of time.
◦ To seek answers to social problems.
◦ To give school officials pointers on curricular offerings,
guidance and counselling services, teacher evaluation, and so on. STRENGHTS
◦ Versatility. It can tackle any issue affecting society.
◦ Efficiency. It is not costly in terms of money and time, assuming there is excellent communication or postal system. ◦ Generality. It can get a good representation or sample of a large group of people. ◦ Confidentiality. It is capable of safeguarding the privacy or anonymity of the random respondents. WEAKNESSES
◦ It cannot provide sufficient evidence about the
relationships of variables.
◦ It cannot examine the significance of some issues
affecting people's social life.
◦ It cannot get data reflecting the effects of the
interconnectedness of environmental features on the research study. WEAKNESSES
◦ It cannot consider man's naturalistic tendencies as the
basis of human behavior unless his ways or styles of living are related to his surroundings.
◦ It cannot promote interpretive and creative thinking
unless its formation of ideas results from scientific thinking.
◦ It cannot have an effective application to all topics for
research. WEAKNESSES
◦ It cannot use a questioning or coding method that can
accurately register differences among the participants' responses. ◦ It cannot diffuse the main researcher's abilities to control and manipulate some factors affecting the study. ◦ It cannot account for real or actual happenings, but can give ideas on respondents' views, beliefs, concepts, and emotions. ETHICAL PRINCIPLES AND RULES IN SURVEY RESEARCH ◦ Respect whatever decision a person has about your research work for his or her participation in your study comes solely from his or her own decision making powers.
◦ Make sure that your study will be instrumental in
elevating the living conditions of people around you or in bringing about world progress. ETHICAL PRINCIPLES AND RULES IN SURVEY RESEARCH ◦ Conduct your research work in a way that the respondents will be safe from any injury or damage that may arise from their physical and emotional involvement in the study.
◦ Practice honesty and truthfulness in reporting about the
results of your study.
◦ Decide properly which information should go public or
secret. ETHICAL PRINCIPLES AND RULES IN SURVEY RESEARCH ◦ Accept the reality that the nature, kind, and extent Of responses to your questions depend solely on the dispositions of the respondents.
◦ Stick to your promise of safeguarding the secrecy of
some information you obtained from the respondents. How survey research can be beneficial in various fields of knowledge compare to other research methods? THANK YOU for listening!