III. Expiremental and Non-Expiremental

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Alexander Graham Bell Thomas Edison Galileo Galilei

TELEPHONE LIGHT BULB TELESCOPE


Johannes Gutenberg Alexander Fleming Karl Benz

PRINTING PRESS PENICILLIN AUTOMOBILE (CAR)


How do you think did the
inventors come up in
discovering the value or
greatness of their creations?
EXPERIMENTAL AND
NON-EXPERIMENTAL
research
POINTS OF DISCUSSION
I. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
 Definition of Experimental Research
 Classifications of Experimental Research
 Quasi - Experimental Research

II. NON - EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH


 Definition of Non-Experimental Research
 Classifications of Non-Experimental Research
 Survey Research
EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH
1A DEFINITION
Experimental
Research
Experimental research designs are what many lay-
people think of when they think of research; they
“ typically involve the manipulation of variables and
random assignment of participants to conditions.
When done correctly, experimental designs can
provide evidence for cause and effect. Because of
“ their ability to determine causation, experimental
designs are the gold-standard for research in
medicine, biology, and so on.
Experimental research has strict standards for control
within the research design and for establishing
“ validity. These designs may also be very resource and
labor intensive.
1B CLASSIFICATION
Experimental
Research
Experimental research is categorized into two: true
experimental research and quasi-experimental
“ research. Your manner of selecting the participants
indicates it.
The true experimental research absolutely uses random
selection in determining who among the participants
“ should compose the experimental group. The quasi-
experimental research adopts a comparative technique in
choosing the subjects.
TRUE EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

The researcher determines two groups to perform an


experiment: one group is called the experimental group and
the other group is called a placebo group. The experimental
group gets the treatment and the placebo does not get any
treatment. The researcher repeats the test to increase the
validity of the results.
QUASI – EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH

Those in the soft sciences (Psychology, Sociology,


Humanities, Literature, Education) usually do quasi-
experimental research.

Usually, participants chosen in a quasi-experimental


research are those forming a class that remains as one
group incapable of disintegration. The not randomly
chosen participants are subjected to any of these types of
quasi-experimental research:
MATCH COMPARISON - choosing a treatment group
and another group that has similarities with the treatment
group.

TIME SERIES – giving series of pre-tests and post-tests.

SINGLE SUBJECT – controls treatment and condition


applied to just one individual or a group.
NON-
EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH
2A DEFINITION
Non-Experimental
Research
Non-Experimental research is a way of finding out
truths about a subject by describing the collected data
“ about such subject and determining their relationships
or connections with one another.
Any treatment or condition is not involved in this type
of research. But there is a measuring of variables here;
“ once you do a non-experimental research, you deal with
both qualitative and quantitative data.
Your desire to discover people's thoughts, views,
feelings and attitudes about a certain societal issue,
“ object, place, or event causes you to use non-
experimental research.
◦ It is incapable of establishing cause-effect
relationships; by itself, it is able, if it takes place in
conjunction with other experimental and quasi-
experimental research methods.
◦ It involves various ways of data analysis:
Primary — analysis of data collected by the
researcher himself

“ Secondary — examination of data collected


by other people

Meta-analysis — analysis of data expressed


numerically.

◦ It uses research method that applicable to both


quantitative and qualitative data.
SURVEY
research
Survey research is the most used non-experimental
research in Social Sciences. Inquiries,
“ investigations, and experiments also happen in this
type of non-experimental research, but in terms of
types and analysis of data.
Survey research is a method of research that aims at
knowing what a big number of people think and
feel about some social issues. The data it collects
“ from these people serving as "representatives or
informants" explain or describe the society's
thoughts, attitudes and feelings towards such issues.
Usually used by researchers to study issues
affecting a large population, survey research
requires data-gathering techniques such as
interview, questionnaire, poll, and telephone

“ interview that primarily consider the size of the


group being studied. Here, the researcher selects a
sample of respondents from a small/ large
population and provide the chosen subjects a
formalized questionnaire.
PURPOSES OF SURVEY RESEARCH

◦ To obtain information about people's opinions and


feelings about an issue.

◦ To identify present condition, needs, or problems of


people in a short span of time.

◦ To seek answers to social problems.

◦ To give school officials pointers on curricular offerings,


guidance and counselling services, teacher evaluation,
and so on.
STRENGHTS

◦ Versatility. It can tackle any issue affecting society.


◦ Efficiency. It is not costly in terms of money and time,
assuming there is excellent communication or postal
system.
◦ Generality. It can get a good representation or sample
of a large group of people.
◦ Confidentiality. It is capable of safeguarding the
privacy or anonymity of the random respondents.
WEAKNESSES

◦ It cannot provide sufficient evidence about the


relationships of variables.

◦ It cannot examine the significance of some issues


affecting people's social life.

◦ It cannot get data reflecting the effects of the


interconnectedness of environmental features on the
research study.
WEAKNESSES

◦ It cannot consider man's naturalistic tendencies as the


basis of human behavior unless his ways or styles of
living are related to his surroundings.

◦ It cannot promote interpretive and creative thinking


unless its formation of ideas results from scientific
thinking.

◦ It cannot have an effective application to all topics for


research.
WEAKNESSES

◦ It cannot use a questioning or coding method that can


accurately register differences among the participants'
responses.
◦ It cannot diffuse the main researcher's abilities to
control and manipulate some factors affecting the
study.
◦ It cannot account for real or actual happenings, but can
give ideas on respondents' views, beliefs, concepts, and
emotions.
ETHICAL PRINCIPLES AND RULES
IN SURVEY RESEARCH
◦ Respect whatever decision a person has about your
research work for his or her participation in your study
comes solely from his or her own decision making
powers.

◦ Make sure that your study will be instrumental in


elevating the living conditions of people around you or
in bringing about world progress.
ETHICAL PRINCIPLES AND RULES
IN SURVEY RESEARCH
◦ Conduct your research work in a way that the
respondents will be safe from any injury or damage that
may arise from their physical and emotional
involvement in the study.

◦ Practice honesty and truthfulness in reporting about the


results of your study.

◦ Decide properly which information should go public or


secret.
ETHICAL PRINCIPLES AND RULES
IN SURVEY RESEARCH
◦ Accept the reality that the nature, kind, and extent Of
responses to your questions depend solely on the
dispositions of the respondents.

◦ Stick to your promise of safeguarding the secrecy of


some information you obtained from the respondents.
How survey research can be
beneficial in various fields of
knowledge compare to other
research methods?
THANK YOU
for
listening!

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