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    3G Network

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    Mian Abuzar
    3G networks were designed to improve upon 2G networks using standards like WCDMA. The 3GPP project was formed in 1998 to coordinate standards between groups. The 3G network architecture includes the UE, UTRAN, and core network. The UTRAN consists of Node Bs and RNCs, while the core network contains MSCs, HLRs, SGSNs and GGSNs which handle mobility, sessions, and interfacing with external networks.

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    3G Network

    Uploaded by

    Mian Abuzar
    49 views10 pages
    3G networks were designed to improve upon 2G networks using standards like WCDMA. The 3GPP project was formed in 1998 to coordinate standards between groups. The 3G network architecture includes the UE, UTRAN, and core network. The UTRAN consists of Node Bs and RNCs, while the core network contains MSCs, HLRs, SGSNs and GGSNs which handle mobility, sessions, and interfacing with external networks.

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    study material for 3g network

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    3G networks were designed to improve upon 2G networks using standards like WCDMA. The 3GPP project was formed in 1998 to coordinate standards between groups. The 3G network architecture includes the UE, UTRAN, and core network. The UTRAN consists of Node Bs and RNCs, while the core network contains MSCs, HLRs, SGSNs and GGSNs which handle mobility, sessions, and interfacing with external networks.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    49 views10 pages

    3G Network

    Uploaded by

    Mian Abuzar
    3G networks were designed to improve upon 2G networks using standards like WCDMA. The 3GPP project was formed in 1998 to coordinate standards between groups. The 3G network architecture includes the UE, UTRAN, and core network. The UTRAN consists of Node Bs and RNCs, while the core network contains MSCs, HLRs, SGSNs and GGSNs which handle mobility, sessions, and interfacing with external networks.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    3G Network

    WCDMA is the most widely adopted air interface standard for third generation
    (3G) mobile networks. 3G networks have been designed to supersede second
    generation (2G) networks, i.e. GSM (Europe and large parts of the world),
    cdmaOne (Americas), D-AMPS (Americas), and PDC (Japan). 
    • Since 1985, ITU (International Telecommunications Union) has been
    developing IMT-2000, previously termed Future Public Land Mobile
    Telephone System (FPLMTS).  
    • In 1992, the World Administrative Radio Conference (WARC) of the ITU
    identified the frequencies around 2 GHz for future 3rd generation mobile
    systems, both terrestrial and satellite.
    •  Within the ITU, the 3rd generation systems are called International Mobile
    Telephony 2000 (IMT-2000).
    IMT-2000 stands for IMT: International Mobile Communications 2000: the
    frequency range of 2000 MHz and the year 2000
    • In Europe, it is called UMTS (Universal Mobile Telephone Service).
    The main advances of 3G systems compared with 2G system are
    •  Higher user peak data rates (several Mbps).
    • Dynamic adaptation of user data rates (“bandwidth on demand”).
    • Asymmetric uplink and downlink data rates to fit usual Packet-
    Switched (PS) traffic characteristics, e.g. web browsing, ftp
    downloads.

    Support of Quality of Service (QoS) differentiation, e.g. in terms of error


    rates and delay.
    • Multiplexing of services with different quality and data rate requirements
    on a single connection.
    • Improved spectrum efficiency (higher system throughput per unit of
    allocated frequency spectrum).
    3GPP
    3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) was founded in 1998.
    The standardization organizations involved were ARIB (Japan), ETSI
    (Europe), TTA (Korea), TTC (Japan) and T1P1 (USA).   
    The partners agreed on joint efforts for the standardization of
    UTRA, now standing for Universal Terrestrial Radio Access. In 1999, CWTS
    (the China Wireless Telecommunication Standard Group) joined 3GPP and
    contributed technology from
    TD-SCDMA, a TDD-based CDMA 3rd generation technology already
    submitted to ITU-R earlier.
    •The Specification of 3G has been created in 3GPP (the 3rd Generation
    Partnership Project), which is the joint standardisation project of the
    standardisation bodies from Europe, Japan, Korea, the USA and China
    •Within 3GPP, WCDMA is called UTRA (Universal Terrestrial Radio Access)
    FDD and TDD.
    •In addition to WCDMA, the other air interfaces that can be used to
    provide third generation services are EDGE and cdma2000.
    Architecture of 3G
    User Equipment (UE)

    • The UE consists of two parts:   


    • The Mobile Equipment (ME) is the radio terminal
    used for radio communication over the Uu
    interface.  
    • The UMTS Subscriber Identity Module (USIM) is a
    smartcard that holds the subscriber identity,
    performs authentication algorithms, and stores
    authentication and encryption keys and some
    subscription information that is needed at the
    terminal.
    UTRAN
    • UTRAN consists of two distinct elements:  
    • Node B : The Node B converts the data flow between the Iub and Uu
    interfaces. It also participates in radio resource management.
    • This is the hardware that is connected to the mobile phone network
    that communicates directly with mobile handsets.
    • the Node B contains radio frequency transmitter(s) and the receiver(s)
    used to communicate directly with mobile devices, which move freely
    around it.  
    • the mobile devices cannot communicate directly with each other but
    have to communicate with the Node B.
    • The Node B have minimum functionality, and are controlled by an RNC
    (Radio Network Controller). 
    • The Radio Network Controller (RNC) owns and controls the radio
    resources in its domain (the Node Bs connected to it). RNC is the service
    access point for all services UTRAN provides the core network (CN).
    • The RNC undertakes the radio resource management and some of the
    mobility management functions, although not all. It is also the point at
    which the data encryption / decryption is performed to protect the user
    data from eavesdropping.
    • Interfaces
    • The logical connections between the network elements are known as
    interfaces. 
    • The interface between the UE and the Node B is called Uu.
    • The Uu interface is  air interfaces are called UMTS Terrestrial Radio
    Access (UTRA).
    • The interface between the Node B and the RNC is called Iub.
    • The interface between the RNC on the same network is called Iur.
    • and Iur interface is mainly needed for soft handovers involving.
    • The interface between the RNC and the Core Network (CN) is called Iu.
    • Iu interfaces carry user traffic (such as voice or data) as well as control information 
    Core Network

    Mobile switching centre (MSC)


    • The mobile switching center (MSC) is the primary service delivery node for
    GSM/CDMA, responsible for routing voice calls and SMS as well as other
    services (such as conference calls, FAX, and circuit-switched data).
    • The MSC sets up and releases the end-to-end connection, handles mobility
    and hand-over requirements during the call and takes care of charging and
    real-time prepaid account monitoring.
    • Home location register (HLR) 
    • The HLRs store details of every SIM card issued by the mobile phone
    operator.
    •  Each SIM has a unique identifier called an IMSI which is the primary key to
    each HLR record..
    • Another important item of data associated with the SIM are the MSISDNs,
    which are the telephone numbers used by mobile phones to make and
    receive calls
    SGSN (Serving GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) Support
    Node):
    • SGSN: The Serving GPRS Support Node is the node that is serving the 
    MS/UE. The SGSN provides a number of functions within the UMTS
    network architecture.
    •Mobility management   When a UE attaches to the Packet Switched
    domain of the UMTS Core Network, the SGSN generates MM information
    based on the mobile's current location
    •Session management:   The SGSN manages the data sessions providing
    the required quality of service and also managing what are termed the
    PDP (Packet data Protocol) contexts, i.e. the pipes over which the data is
    sent.
    •Interaction with other areas of the network:   The SGSN is able to
    manage its elements within the network only by communicating with
    other areas of the network.
    •Billing:   The SGSN is also responsible billing. It achieves this by
    monitoring the flow of user data across the GPRS network. CDRs (Call
    Detail Records) are generated by the SGSN before being transferred to
    the charging entities (Charging Gateway Function, CGF).

    • Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)


    •The Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) is the central element
    within the UMTS packet switched network.
    •It handles inter-working between the UMTS packet switched network
    and external packet switched networks, and can be considered as a
    very sophisticated router.
    • In operation, when the GGSN receives data addressed to a specific
    user, it checks if the user is active and then forwards the data to the
    SGSN serving the particular UE.

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