Introduction To Highway Administration, Planning, and Design in The Philippines

Introduction to Highway
Administration,
Planning, and Design in
the Philippines
What is a Highway?
• Term used to designate roads
intended for travel by the
public between destinations
 Road
 Street
 Freeway
 Superhighway
 Motorway
Highway Objectives
 Increase mobility/travel
due to different land use
 Increase traffic safety and
reduce negative impacts
on the environment
 Improve pedestrian traffic
conditions and public
transport
Groups of Interest
 User
 Efficient travel and safety
 Community
 Local aesthetic, social and
economic impact
 Nation
 Function to the overall
transport system
Hierarchy of Roads
 Arterial
 Collector
 Local
Road Classification
• The classification of highways into different operational systems,
functional classes, or geometric types is necessary for
communication among engineers, administrators, and the general
public.
• Classification of highways by design types based on the major
geometric features is the most helpful one for highway location
and design procedures.
Road Classification
• Classification by route numbering is the most helpful for traffic
operations.
• Administrative classification is used to denote the levels of
government responsible for, and the method of financing,
highway facilities.
• Functional classification was developed for transportation
planning purposes.
Functional Classification
Arterial
 Principal Arterial- Freeways
and Expressways
 Minor Arterial- Highways,
Bypass
 High-speed operations
 Eliminates cross
traffic
 Prevents access to and
from properties
Collector
 Moderate to low-
speed operations
 Connector road
 Provides access to
and from
properties
Local
 Low-speed
operations
 Cross streets with
signalization or
signs
 Primary access to
and from
properties
Access VS Mobility
Who Plans and Constructs Highways?
 Government
 Municipalities
 Shareholders or
owners of the real
estate
Highway Organizations
 AASHTO – American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials
 TRB – Transportation Research Board
 FHWA – Federal Highway Administration
 AI – Asphalt Institute
Functional Classification for
Rural Areas - AASHTO
• Rural Principal Arterial System – (interstate/statewide)
 Freeways
 Other principal arterials
• Rural Minor Arterial System – (intercounty/towns/cities)

• Rural Collector System
 Major Collector Roads – (parks, schools, agricultural areas to towns)
 Minor Collector Roads – (smaller communities)
• Rural Local Road System – provide access to land adjacent the

collector network and serves travel over relatively short distances
Functional Highway Systems
for Urbanized Areas - AASHTO
• Urban Principal Arterial System
 Interstate
 Other freeways
 Other principal arterials (with partial or no control of access)
• Urban Minor Arterial Street System

• Urban Collector Street System
• Urban Local Street System
Highway Departments in the Philippines
 DPWH – Department of Public Works and Highways
 MMDA – Metropolitan Manila Development Authority

Highway administration, planning,
and design in the Philippines
• By virtue of Executive Order No. 124, dated January 30, 1987, the
agency is known as the Department of Public Works and Highways
(DPWH)
• The Department is considered as old as the Philippine government,
its existence dates back to about four (4) centuries at the time of the
Spanish colonial era.
• As the primary engineering and construction arm of the
government, the DPWH is responsible for the planning, design,
construction and maintenance of infrastructures such as roads and
bridges, flood control systems, water resource development projects
and other public works in accordance with national objectives.
Road Classification in the
Philippines
• The classification system in Executive Order No. 124,
Series of 1987, was administrative in nature.
 National
 Provincial
 City
 Municipal
 Barangay
• The administrative classification of roads in the Philippines reflects
policy to assign responsibility for specific roads based on source of
funding, minimum qualifying design standards, or official requests
from varying levels of government
The Philippine Road Network
Road Densities and Paved Road
Ratios in the Philippines and other
ASEAN Countries
2009 205,778 0.30 92,410,000 0.20 0.66

2011 215,000 0.27 95,570,000 0.19 0.61
Condition of the Philippine Highway
Network
• 100% of total national arterial road network is paved, over 64% of
the paved sections is in good condition.
• For national secondary roads, about 96% is paved, 79% of the

paved sections is in good condition.
• About 70% of total length of all roads is still unpaved.

Global Competitiveness
• In 2012, out of 142 countries, the Philippines was ranked
100th for quality of roads, 101st for railroads, 123rd for port
infrastructure, and 115th for airports
Road Infrastructure Policies
and Strategies
1. Implement road activities in the following order of
priorities:
• a. Maintenance – to preserve existing roads in good condition
• b. Rehabilitation – to restore damaged roads to original designed
condition
• c. Improvement – to upgrade road features to efficiently serve the
traffic
• d. New construction
and Strategies
2. Focus on paving and upgrading the national road
network, especially the arterial system
3. Prioritize roads serving designated key agricultural

production areas, tourism destinations, and growth
centers, and those which will improve law and order.
and Strategies
4. In major urban centers, improve traffic flow at
main corridors, through traffic engineering and
management, intermodal integration, and selected
flyovers and bypasses.
5. Encourage more PUBLIC-PRIVATE

PARTNERSHIP (PPP) road projects for heavily
travelled corridors where costs can be directly
recovered through tolls.
Public Private Partnership Arrangement
• PPP isa contractual arrangement entered into by
a national government implementing agency to
authorize the private sector entity to finance,
construct, operate and maintain a facility, and, in
the process, to charge user fees or receive
compensation from the government.
PPP Advantages to the Government
• Transfer the burden of raising funds for projects and project risks to the
private sector;
• Government resources are freed and reallocated for other urgent uses;
• Project implementation is hastened and operating efficiency is assured;
• Creation of conditions for technology transfer and training.

PPP Disadvantages to the Government
Foreign-Assisted Projects
2017
ADB; 1795; 7%
WB; 1102.67; 4%
CHINA; 11693.48; 46%
JICA; 8917.35; 35%
KEXIM & KOICA; 1811.75;

7%
ADB WB JICA KEXIM & KOICA CHINA

Modes of Infrastructure Financing
DPWH Infrastructure Development
Process
Project Identification
Project Preparation
Project Implementation
Project Operation and Evaluation
Basic Elements of Transportation
Planning
Road and Land use Planning
• Forthe public and other
parties to the planning
process, it is important
to participate in the
planning at the right
time
Phases of Road Planning
Feasibility Studies
 Most common are:
 Development study
 Needs assessment
 Development/Action plan
 Starting points are:
 Existing land use
 Current road
Outcomes of Feasibility Studies:
 Traffic conditions • Goals
• Alternatives
• Approximate actions
• Preliminary impact assessments
• Cost forecasts
Preliminary Engineering Plan
 Planning is
performed at a
level of detail
which ensures that
the plan is feasible:
 Technically
 Financially
 Environmentally Outcomes of Preliminary Engineering Planning:
 Approval of the • Approximate location of the road
• Basic traffic and road engineering solutions
plan • Principles underlying the landscaping road side, green areas, and
prevention of negative impacts on environment
• Impact assessment
• Cost estimate
• Target timetable and stages of construction
Factors to consider in planning
Final Engineering Plan
 Settles all issues directly affecting land owners and other parties
concerned
 Approval of the plan
 Necessary to make a revision plan
Outcomes of Final Engineering Planning:

• Precise road area
• Detailed solutions
• Cost estimate and possible division of costs
Construction Plan
 Road construction phase
 Contractor is responsible for:
 Construction plan
 Interaction with constructors and owners
 Other concerns
Outcomes of Construction Plan:

• Documents required in construction
Measures of Effectiveness
Used in Project Evaluation
• Transportation system performance
• Mobility
• Accessibility
• System development, coordination, and integration
• Land use
• Freight
• Socioeconomic
• Environmental
• Energy
• Safety
• Equity costs
• Cost effectiveness
• Financial arrangements
• Institutional factors
Highway Manuals and Standards
 Guide in applying standards
 Allows flexibility in applying design standards and approving
exceptions
 Developing projects should be equal or at least exceed the given
minimum
 Some standards are “Mandatory” others are “Advisory”, based
on importance
 Use of Non-standard design must be approved by authority
THE END

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Introduction to Highway

 TRB – Transportation Research Board

 FHWA – Federal Highway Administration

• Rural Minor Arterial System – (intercounty/towns/cities)

• Rural Local Road System – provide access to land adjacent the

• Urban Minor Arterial Street System

 MMDA – Metropolitan Manila Development Authority

2009 205,778 0.30 92,410,000 0.20 0.66

• For national secondary roads, about 96% is paved, 79% of the

• About 70% of total length of all roads is still unpaved.

3. Prioritize roads serving designated key agricultural

5. Encourage more PUBLIC-PRIVATE

• Project implementation is hastened and operating efficiency is assured;

• Creation of conditions for technology transfer and training.

CHINA; 11693.48; 46%

JICA; 8917.35; 35%

KEXIM & KOICA; 1811.75;

ADB WB JICA KEXIM & KOICA CHINA

Outcomes of Final Engineering Planning:

Outcomes of Construction Plan:

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