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    Law of Mass Action

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    Koomal Kafait
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    Law of Mass Action

    Uploaded by

    Koomal Kafait
    358 views17 pages
    Thank you for the summary. Please let me know if you need any clarification or have additional questions.

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    chemistry work

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    law of mass action

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    358 views17 pages

    Law of Mass Action

    Uploaded by

    Koomal Kafait
    Thank you for the summary. Please let me know if you need any clarification or have additional questions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    You are on page 1of 17

    Subject : Chemistry

    Class: 10TH
    Chapter :Chemical Equilibrium
    Subject Teacher: Komal Malik
    Week: 2
    Topic: law of mass action and Derivation of expression
    for the equilibrium constant
    Objective
    Law of Mass Action
    Writing of Equilibrium constant expression
    Condition for Equilibrium
    Ways to recognize Equilibrium
    Introduction
    Chemist generally express the composition of
    equilibrium mixture in term of numerical values. These
    values relate the amounts of products to reactant at
    equilibrium. These value can be determined by using a
    relationship known as the law of mass action.
    Two chemist C.M Guldberg and P.Waage in 1864
    proposed law of mass action.
    Law Of Mass Action
    It state that the rate at which a substance
    react is directly proportional to its active
    mass and the rate at which the reaction
    proceeds is directly proportional to the
    product of the active masses of the
    reactants.
    Active Mass
    The term active mass represents the concentration of reactant and
    products in mol.dm-3 for a dilute solution, and expressed in terms of
    square brackets [ ].
    Reaction
    Consider a hypothetical reaction in which a moles of reactant A and b
    moles of B reactant B react to give c moles of product D at equilibrium.

    aA (g)+ Bb(g) cC(g) + dD(g)


    According to the law of Mass Action
    Rate of forward reaction [A]a [B]b
    Rate of forward reaction=K,[A]a [B]b
    Rate of reverse reaction [C]c [D]d
    Rate of reverse reaction=K,[C]c [D]d
    Equilibrium State
    Where K and K are the rate constant for forward and reverse reaction
    respectively at equilibrium state
    Rate of forward reaction = Rate of reverse reaction
    Thus,
    Kf [A]a [B]b = Kr[C]c [D]d
    Equation
    Rearranging:
    K f = [C]c [D]d
    Kr [A]a [B]b

    kc = [C]c [D]d
    [A]a [B]b
    Equilibrium Constant
    Where kc= K f is
    Kr
    known as equilibrium constant ,and the above equation is called as
    equilibrium constant expression. Thus the equilibrium constant
    expression for any reaction can be written from its balanced equation.
    Concentration of product is taken in the numerator and the concentration
    of the reactant is taken in the denominator.
    Kc the subscript denotes molar concentration at equilibrium.
    Equilibrium Constant
    Equilibrium constant is defined as the ratio of the product of
    concentration of product to the product of concentration of
    reactants each raised to the power equal to the coefficient in the
    balanced chemical equation
    •Kc is independent of the initial concentration of reactant but
    depend upon the temperature.
    Condition for Equilibrium
    Equilibrium is reached whether pure reactant
    pure product or mixture of reactant and product
    placed in closed container in any cases a condition
    will eventually be reached in container such that
    forward and reverse reactions occur at exactly the
    same rate this leads to the situation where
    concentration of reactant and products remain the
    same , as long as the following conditions
    observed:
    Condition for Equilibrium

    1. Concentration of none of reactant or


    product is changed.
    2. Temperature of the system kept constant.
    3. Pressure or Volume of the system kept
    constant.
    Ways to Recognize Equilibrium
    By determining concentration of reactant and
    product at regular intervals.
    When constant concentration of reactant and
    product is observed then the reaction is at
    equilibrium.
    This can be done by physical and chemical
    method such as spectros or titration.
    Assignment of Week 2
    Q1: Write a short note on equilibrium constant?
    Q2: Write equilibrium constant expression for the
    following reaction:
    4HCl + O2 2H2O + 2Cl2
    Q3:Derive the equation of Law of Mass Action?

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