Digital Clock by Using Counters: Submitted By: Sugguna Mohan Krishna E C E / 1 8 / 0 1

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Digital Clock

by using Counters

S U B M I T T E D B Y:

SUGGUNA MOHAN KRISHNA

ECE/18/01
Introduction
• We know that 60 seconds equal to 1 minute and 60 minutes equal to 1 hour. Hence the
minute section is derived by second section and hour section by the minute section.
• Each of the minute and second section has been designed to give a count from 00 to 59 after
which it resets to 00. And the hour section to give a count from 00 to 23 hours after which it
resets to 00.
• For each cycle of 00 to 59 in second section the minute section increases its count by 1.
Similarly, for each cycle of 00 to 59 in minute section the hour section increases it’s count by
1. In this way when the clock reaches 23hrs. 59mins. 59secs. each of the section resets to 00
giving us a display 00.00.00 popularly known as the 0th hour.
Module Structure
The entire project has been divided into three modules.

HOURS SECTION MINUTES SECONDS SECTION


SECTION
Components used
• IC 7490 (Decade and binary counter)
• IC 7447 (BCD to 7-segment converter)
• 7- Segment display
• AND , NOT, OR Gates
Seconds Module
• Using two counter ICs (IC 7490) in such a way that this portion produces output from 00 to 59 continuously
with a frequency of 1 pulse per second. Using Driver IC (IC 7447) and seven- segment display the counts.
• Pulse input will given by pulse generator

Minutes Module
• Repeating the same circuit as that of the second section, but here the output should count from 00 to 59
with a frequency of1 pulse per minute.
• Here pulse input will given from the reset pulse of seconds block.

Hours Module
• Designing the circuit in such a way so that the output resets to 00 automatically after displaying 23:59:59.
Here the counting proceeds with a frequency of one pulse per hour.
• Here pulse input will given from the reset pulse of seconds block.
Block Diagram

7447 7447 7447 7447 7447 7447

7490 7490 7490 7490 7490 7490

Hours Block minutes Block Seconds Block


Basic Concept
• It is evident from the block diagram that for each of Second and Minute section we require a
Counter for the unit’s place and ten’s place.
• For the second and minute sections the situation is identical with the unit’s place counting
from 0-9-0 and repeats whereas the ten’s place counts from 0-5-0 and repeats.
• For the Hour section we require the counter that can count from 00-23-00. this can be done
by two cascaded 7490 IC’s with proper external connections.
MODULE’s DETAILS
Seconds Module:
• Since the basic concept regarding the counting of the seconds has been discussed we are now
going to design the circuit.
• Since the count is from 00-59 we would design a MOD-60 counter. It can be done by
cascading mod-10 and mod-6 counters.
• That means at units place the mod-10 counter will be used it counts from 0-9-0.
• At the place of ten’s place we use another mod-10 counter by using certain logic connection to
reset pins. We can create a mod-6 counter. It can counts from 0-5-0.
• This means we have to reset the counter to 0 after count reaches 6.

0 1 1 0

• After the counter reaches to this position we have to reset the counter to 0.
 • Reset pins active high.

• will give active high signal at the count of 5.


• So, this will be used as out reset pulse to the seconds block counters.
• The arrangement is shown in fig.
• For this module the input of 1 Hz is provided.

Minute's Module:
• The Minute section is nothing but an exact replica of the second’s section
as the theory and implementation is the same with one major exception
i.e. the reset pulse from the second’s section is applied to the input pulse of
the minute’s section it’s frequency is 1 pulse per minute.

Fig
 
Hours Module:
• For, hours the count is from 00-23-00. it means we need mod-24 counter.
• It can be done by cascading two 7490 IC’s i.e. two mod-10 counters. This one will count from
00-99. but we need only 00-23 so we have to reset the counters after it reaches 24.

0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0


• This will give active hight signal after the counter reaches the count 24.
• So, this will be used as our reset pulse to the hours block counters.
• Here the input for hours block is the reset pulse of minutes block it’s frequency is 1 pulse per
hour.
Final Circuit Diagram

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