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    Concrete Technology Chapter 4 - Concrete Mix Design Methods

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    Yasichalew sefineh
    The document describes two methods for concrete mix design: [1] The ACI method which uses tables and charts to calculate material weights based on requirements like compressive strength and slump. An example calculation is shown. [2] The DOE (Department of Environment) method which uses water-cement ratio relationships and tables to iteratively determine the mix design in 5 stages. The key steps of the DOE method are outlined. An example problem is then given to design a mix to achieve 40MPa strength using the DOE method.

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    Concrete Technology Chapter 4 - Concrete Mix Design Methods

    Uploaded by

    Yasichalew sefineh
    351 views56 pages
    The document describes two methods for concrete mix design: [1] The ACI method which uses tables and charts to calculate material weights based on requirements like compressive strength and slump. An example calculation is shown. [2] The DOE (Department of Environment) method which uses water-cement ratio relationships and tables to iteratively determine the mix design in 5 stages. The key steps of the DOE method are outlined. An example problem is then given to design a mix to achieve 40MPa strength using the DOE method.

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    concrete technology Gondar university

    Original Title

    Lecture 5

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    The document describes two methods for concrete mix design: [1] The ACI method which uses tables and charts to calculate material weights based on requirements like compressive strength and slump. An example calculation is shown. [2] The DOE (Department of Environment) method which uses water-cement ratio relationships and tables to iteratively determine the mix design in 5 stages. The key steps of the DOE method are outlined. An example problem is then given to design a mix to achieve 40MPa strength using the DOE method.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    351 views56 pages

    Concrete Technology Chapter 4 - Concrete Mix Design Methods

    Uploaded by

    Yasichalew sefineh
    The document describes two methods for concrete mix design: [1] The ACI method which uses tables and charts to calculate material weights based on requirements like compressive strength and slump. An example calculation is shown. [2] The DOE (Department of Environment) method which uses water-cement ratio relationships and tables to iteratively determine the mix design in 5 stages. The key steps of the DOE method are outlined. An example problem is then given to design a mix to achieve 40MPa strength using the DOE method.

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    University of Gondar

    Department of Construction Technology and Management

    Concrete Technology
    Lecture 5
    Chapter 4 – Concrete Mix Design
    Methods
    Example 1
    1. Using the ACI mix design tables and charts, calculate the weights of all materials
    that you would use for the first trial mix on a concrete mix required to achieve a
    compressive strength of 34.5 MPa at 28 days.
     Max aggregate size - 19 mm
     Rel. density of combined agg. at SSD 2.68
     Required slump - 75 mm
     Fineness modulus = 2.65
     Air content = 2.50%
     SG of coarse and fine aggregates = 2.65
     Bulk density of aggregate = 1800 kg/m3
     Fine and coarse aggregate have a moisture content of 1.4 % and 1.5%
    respectively
    Solution
    Step-1: Choice of slump
    The slump is required to be 75mm
    Step-2: Choice of maximum size of aggregate
    The aggregate to be used has a nominal maximum size of 19 mm
    Step-3: Estimation of mixing water and air content
    Table-2: Approximate mixing water and air content requirements
    For air entrained concrete with the slump of 75 mm and nominal maximum
    size of 19mm aggregate the amount of water required for the mix is 184 kg/m 3
    CONT…
    •Step-4:
      Selection of water-cement or water-cementitious
    materials ratio

    Table 3 Relationship between water/cement ratio and compressive


    strength of concrete

    For air entrained concrete and 34.5 MPa compressive strength; the
    approximate water-cement ratio is 0.4.

    Step-5: Calculation of cement content


    Cement content = = 460 kg/m3

    Step-6: Estimation of coarse aggregate content


    Table-4: Volume of coarse aggregate per unit volume of concrete.
    CONT…
    •The  volume of aggregate with nominal maximum size of 19mm and
    fines modulus of 2.65 is calculated by interpolation
    FM=2.65 on max. agg. Size of 19mm
    2.6 = 0.64

    2.65 = x
    2.8 = 0.62

    X=0.63 (volume of coarse aggregate)

    The mass of aggregate= 0.63*1800= 1134 kg/m³


    CONT…
    Step-7: Estimation of fine aggregate content
    7.1. The weight method
    Table-5: First estimate of weight of fresh concrete

    The mass of a cubic meter of air-entrained concrete made with


    aggregate having a nominal maximum size of 19mm is estimated to be
    2275kg.
    CONT…
    Masses already known are:

    Water= 184 kg

    Cement = 460 kg

    Coarse aggregate= 1134 kg

    Total= 1778kg

     Mass of fine aggregate=2275-1778= 497kg

    7.2 Absolute volume basis

    Volume of water = 184÷1000= 0.184 m³

    Volume of cement= 460÷3150=0.146 m³

    Volume of coarse aggregate = 1134÷2650=0.427 m³

    Volume of air = 0.025 m³

    Total= 0.782 m³

    Volume of fine aggregate= 1 m³ -0.782 m³ =0.218 m³

    Mass of fine aggregate= 0.218 m³*2650=578 kg


    Step-8: Adjustment for moisture aggregate

    From the given fine and coarse aggregate have a moisture content of 1.4 %

    and 1.5% respectively.

    Adjusted mass of fine aggregate= 578*1.014= 586kg

    Adjusted mass of coarse aggregate= 1134*1.015= 1151kg

    Adjusted mass of water= 184-578*0.014-1134*0.015=159 kg

    The estimated batch masses for a cubic meter of concrete are:

    Water= 159 kg

    Cement= 460 kg

    Fine aggregate= 586 kg

    Coarse aggregate= 1151 kg


    DOE Standard Mix Design Method

    Department of Environment (DoE) method is a standard method of mix design


    in U.K. now. This method used the relationship between water/cement ratio
    and compressive strength depending on the type of cement and aggregate
    used.
    The standard DOE mix design procedure includes;

    1. Selection of target water/cement ratio (Stage 1)

    If previous information concerning the variability of strength

    tests comprises fewer than 20 results, the standard deviation

    to be adopted should be that obtained from line A in Figure 3.

    If previous information is available consisting of 20 or more

    results, the standard deviation of such results may be used

    provided that this value is not less than the appropriate value

    obtained from line B. The margin can then be derived from

    calculation C1:
    CONT…

    M=k×s …C1
    where M = the margin (Item 1.3)
    k = a value appropriate to the ‘percentage
    defectives’ permitted below the
    characteristic strength (see 4.4)
    s = the standard deviation.

    Calculation C2 determines the target mean strength


    (expressed to two significant figures):

    fm = fc + M … C2 where
    fm = the target mean strength
    fc = the specified characteristic strength
    M = the margin
    CONT…
     Next, a value is obtained from Table 2 for the strength of a mix made with
    a free-water/cement ratio of 0.5 according to the specified age, the strength
    class of the cement and the aggregate to be used.
     This strength value is then plotted on Figure 4 and a curve is drawn from
    this point and parallel to the printed curves until it intercepts a horizontal
    line passing through the ordinate representing the target mean strength.
     The corresponding value for the free-water/cement ratio can then be read
    from the abscissa(x-axis). This should be compared with any maximum
    free-water/cement ratio that may be specified and the lower of these two
    values used.
    CONT…
    2. Selection of free-water content (Stage 2)
    •Stage
      2 consists simply of determining the free-water content
    from Table 3 depending upon the type and maximum size of the
    aggregate to give a concrete of the specified slump or Vebe time.

    3. Determination of cement content (Stage 3)


    The cement content is determined from calculation C3:

    Cement content = ……..C3


    4. Determination of total aggregate content (Stage 4)

    Figure 5 Estimated wet density of fully compacted concrete


    Total aggregate content (saturated and surface-dry) =

    D — C — W ………………….…C4 where
    D = the wet density of concrete (kg/m3)
    C = the cement content (kg/m3)

    W = the free-water content (kg/m3)


    5. Selection of fine and coarse aggregate contents (Stage 5)
    Fine aggregate content =
    total aggregate content*proportion of fines
    C5
    Coarse aggregate content=
    total aggregate content-fine aggregate content
     The coarse aggregate content itself can be subdivided if single sized 10, 20
    and 40 mm materials are to be combined.
     Again, the best proportions will depend on aggregate shape and concrete
    usage but the following ratios are suggested as a general guide:
     1:2 for combination of 10 and 20 mm material

     1:1.5:3 for combination of 10, 20 and 40 mm material.


    CONT…
    CONT…
    Example
    Using the DOE mix design tables and charts, calculate the weights of all

    materials that you would use for the first trial mix on a concrete mix required

    to achieve a compressive strength of 40 MPa at 28 days.

    Cement type 32.5 Required slump 75 mm

    Max aggregate size 20 mm Min cement content 340 kg/m3

    Aggregate type Crushed Max free w/c ratio 0.65

    Rel. density of combined agg. at 2.68 Allowable failure rate 5%


    SSD

    Fine aggregate grading Zone 3 Plant S.D. Unknown


    Solution
    CONT…
    CONT…

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