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    WEEK 2-Understanding Culture, Society and Politics-Some Key Observations

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    This document provides an overview of the origins and development of key social sciences such as anthropology, sociology, and political science. It traces how they emerged from philosophical and theological studies to become empirical sciences. Major figures who helped establish and shape each discipline are discussed, including how they advanced understanding of human societies and cultures. The document also notes how colonial influences initially shaped social science perspectives and the ongoing effort to decolonize and indigenize approaches to better understand local communities on their own terms.

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    WEEK 2-Understanding Culture, Society and Politics-Some Key Observations

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    Aiz 21
    302 views17 pages
    This document provides an overview of the origins and development of key social sciences such as anthropology, sociology, and political science. It traces how they emerged from philosophical and theological studies to become empirical sciences. Major figures who helped establish and shape each discipline are discussed, including how they advanced understanding of human societies and cultures. The document also notes how colonial influences initially shaped social science perspectives and the ongoing effort to decolonize and indigenize approaches to better understand local communities on their own terms.

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    This document provides an overview of the origins and development of key social sciences such as anthropology, sociology, and political science. It traces how they emerged from philosophical and theological studies to become empirical sciences. Major figures who helped establish and shape each discipline are discussed, including how they advanced understanding of human societies and cultures. The document also notes how colonial influences initially shaped social science perspectives and the ongoing effort to decolonize and indigenize approaches to better understand local communities on their own terms.

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    302 views17 pages

    WEEK 2-Understanding Culture, Society and Politics-Some Key Observations

    Uploaded by

    Aiz 21
    This document provides an overview of the origins and development of key social sciences such as anthropology, sociology, and political science. It traces how they emerged from philosophical and theological studies to become empirical sciences. Major figures who helped establish and shape each discipline are discussed, including how they advanced understanding of human societies and cultures. The document also notes how colonial influences initially shaped social science perspectives and the ongoing effort to decolonize and indigenize approaches to better understand local communities on their own terms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 17

    Understanding Culture,

    Society and Politics:


    Some Key Observations

    THE ESSENCE OF ANTHROPOLOGY,


    POLITICAL SCIENCE, AND
    ANTHROPOLOGY
    The Historical Background of
    the Growth of Social Sciences

     In the development and progress of human


    knowledge, the social sciences were the last
    to develop after the natural science.
     It was originally based from the studies of
    political philosophies and theological
    reasoning.
     It was slowed because of religious authority
    and tradition.
    The Unprecedented Growth of
    Science
     Itcan be traced back from Nicolaus
    Copernicus that unfolded the truth
    about the universe to Sir Isaac
    Newton’s proposal about universal
    laws of motion and a mechanical
    model of the universe along with
    Rene Descartes and Francis
    Bacon’s establishment of supremacy
    of reason.
    The Birth of Social Sciences
    as a Response to the Social
    Turmoil of the Modern Era

     Sociology- is a branch of the social


    sciences that deals with the scientific
    study of human interactions, social
    groups and institutions, whole
    societies.
     It deals with the relationship between
    the individual and the society as they
    develop and change in history.
    Auguste Comte (1798-1857)

     Founding father of Sociology


     First coined the term “Social Physics”
     According to him, there are three stages of
    societies namely,
    Theological Stage
    Metaphysical Stage
    Positive Stage
    Harriet Martineau (1802-1876)

     The Founding mother of Sociology


     She
    wrote her accounts in How to Observe
    Morals and Manners (1838)
     She
    expressed how ethnographic narrative
    works
     She also wrote on political economy
    Karl Marx (1818- 1883)
     He introduced the materialist analysis of
    history which eliminates religious and
    metaphysical (spiritual) explanation for
    historical development
     He proposed the “Conflict Theory” which
    had an element of revolutionary activities and
    discounts the class system in society and
    economy.
    Emile Durkheim (1858-1917)

     Made possible the professionalization of


    sociology by teaching in the University of
    Bordeaux.
     He famously argued that society preexisted
    the individuals and will continue to exist
    long after the individuals is dead.
    “Suicide is not
    Psychological Aspect
    but a Sociological
    Aspect.”
    Max Weber (1864-1920)

     He stressed the role of rationalization


    in the development of society.
     For him, rationalization refers
    essentially to the disenchantment of
    the world. As science begun to
    replace the religion, people also
    adopted a scientific or rational
    attitude to the world.
    Political Science

     Itis a part of the social sciences that


    deals with the study of politics,
    power, and government.
     Itstudies how even the most private
    and personal decisions of individuals
    are influenced by collective decisions
    of a community.
    Various Areas of Interest
     Public Administration
    Which examines how the government
    functions and how decisions are policies
    are made.
     Political Economy
    Which evaluates the interplay between
    economics, politics and law and its
    implication
     Comparative Politics
    Compare different government systems
    ANTHROPOLOGY

     Itis a systematic study of the


    biological, cultural, and social aspect
    of man. It is derived from the two
    Greek words, athropos which means
    “man” and logos which means
    “study” or “inquiry”.
     Ithas also had diverse field of study
    and areas of interest.
    Four fields of Disciplines:

    1. Physical Anthropology (Biological)- deals with the humans


    as Biological organisms (tracing evolutionary development
    and looking at biological variation.
    2. Cultural Anthropology- investigate the contrasting ways
    groups of people think, feel, and behave.
    3. Archeology- interested in recovering the prehistory and early
    history of societies and their cultures by investigating the
    material samples, skeletal remains, and settlements. They
    systematically uncover the evidence by excavating, dating,
    and analyzing the material remains left by people in the past.
    4. Linguistic Anthropology- study of nature and nuances of
    languages – communication systems by which cultures are
    maintained and passed succeeding generations.
    Great Anthropologist
    1.Franz Boas
     Historical Particularism- The idea
    of historical particularism suggests all
    cultures have their
    own historical trajectory and that each
    culture developed according to
    this history.
     considered a founder of the discipline of
    anthropology.
    Great Anthropologist
    2. Bronislaw Kasper Malinowski
     Participant Observation

    3. Alfred Reginald Radcliffe- Brown


    - Structural-functionalist paradigm
    The Colonial Origin of the
    Social Sciences
     The Clamor for Decolonization of Social
    Sciences
    It traces back the origination of studying
    societies through having some biases and
    racism.
     Indigenization of Social Sciences in the
    Philippines
    It is trying to eliminate the impression of
    western world in viewing Philippines as an
    inferior society.

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