Female Genital Cutting
Female Genital Cutting
Female Genital Cutting
OR
Female Genital Mutilation(FGM)
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Session objectives
• Define FGC
• Describe the different types of FGC
• Describe the complications of FGC
• Describe the cultural aspects of FGC
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FEMALE GENITAL CUTTING
3
Note on terminology
4
Prevalence of FGC
5
Prevalence of FGC in Africa (women aged 15–49)
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Types of FGC (2007 Modified WHO
Classification)
• Type I: Partial or total removal of the clitoris and/or the prepuce
(Clitoridectomy).
– Type Ia, removal of the clitoral hood or prepuce only;
• Type II: Partial or total removal of the clitoris and the labia minora,
with or without excision of the labia majora (excision).
– Type IIa, removal of the labia minora only;
– Type IIb, partial or total removal of the clitoris and the labia minora;
– Type IIc, partial or total removal of the clitoris, the labia minora and the
labia majora.
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• Type III (Infibulation): Narrowing of the vaginal orifice with
creation of a covering seal by cutting and appositioning the
labia minora and/or the labia majora, with or without excision
of the clitoris.
– Type IIIa: removal and apposition of the labia minora;
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Origin & rationale
10
Origin & rationale
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Complications & outcome
• Both short term & long term complications occur
• Health care providers should be aware of these complications
1. Hemorrhage
6. Urethral injury
8. Psychological trauma
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Long term complications:
2. Dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia
7. Vulvar abscesses
8. Hematometra/ hematocolpos
9. Vaginsmus
10. Infertility
11. Increased risk of C/S delivery, PPH, Perineal tears, Obstructed labor, Obstetric fistula
13. Psychological consequences: fear of sexual intercourse, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression and memory loss.
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Defibulation
14
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