THE ELEMENTS

OF PERFORMING
ARTS
•MUSIC
•DANCE
•LITERATUR
E
 MUSI
• is vocal or
instrumental sounds
C
(or both) combined
in such a way as to
produce beauty of
form, harmony, and
expression of
emotion.
 ELEMENTS OF
MUSIC
1. RHYTHM 5.TEMPO
2. MELODY 6.DYNAMIC
3. PITCH S
4. HARMONY 7.TIMBRE
 1.RHYTH
• is the variation of length andMaccentuation
of a series of sound. It is a larger concept
that includes the beat and everything that
happens to sound in relation to time.
 RHYTH
M
• In music, its most fundamental component
is beat - is the simple pulse found in almost
all music familiar to us.
• Measuring rhythm is by means of a Meter -
is the arrangement of a rhythm in a fixed,
regular pattern with a uniform number of
beats in uniform measures.
 2.MELOD
• is associated mental motionY
sometimes
called the memory element because it is
always remembered by listeners. It is an
organize group of pitches strung out
sequentially to form a satisfying musical
entity.
 3.PITC
• indicates the highness or lowness of H
sound and
is determined solely by the frequency of
molecular vibrations.
• The slower the vibration, the lower the pitch.
• The faster the vibration, the higher the pitch.
 4.HARMONY
• refers to the manner of sound
combination- the sounding series or
group of tones at the same time or
simultaneously.
• Harmony refers only to the simultaneous
sounding of pitches regardless of whether
the chords sound pleasing or not.
 HARMONY
• Chord is a combination of two or more
tones sounded at the same time.
• Concord combination or chord that
produces an impression of agreeableness or
resolution to the listener.
• Discord or dissonance
 5.TEMP
• refers to the speed of a certainOmusical
piece. It may be slow, quick or moderate.
 LIST OF TERMS COMMONLY USED
TO
INDICATE TEMPO
• Largo - very slow • Allegreto - moderately
• Adagio - slow and fast
stately • Allegro - fast presto-
• Andante - at a very fast
walking pace • Accelerando -
• Andantino - gradually becoming
alternatively faster or faster
slower than andante • Ritardando -
gradually becoming
slower
 6.DYNAMIC
S or volume
• refers to the amount ,strength,
of the sound
• It may refer to the loudness and softness
of music.
 7.TIMBR
E
• refers to tone quality. Helps differentiate
one type of voice to another or instrument
from another
 DANCE
• is an art and a recreation. As an art, it tells
a story, a set of mood or expresses an
emotion. Dances vary in form. Some forms
of dances are religious dance, magical
dance, commemorative dance,
ceremonial dance, recreative dance, and
testimonial dance.
 ELEMENTS OF
DANCE
• Theme - is the most basic element of a
dance. It conveys the message of a dance.

HIPHOP CULTURAL
 ELEMENTS OF
• Design - is theDANCE
pattern of movement in time and
space. Pattern in time refers to the unaccented beats of
movements into measures. Path in space refers to the
path traced by the dancer’s feet on the floor and the
levels on which they move.
 ELEMENTS OF
• Movement -DANCE
refers to the bodily actions of
the dancer that include his steps, gestures
of the arms, hands, and body and facial
expression.
 ELEMENTS OF
• Technique -DANCE
is the skill of movement
executed by the dancer.
 ELEMENTS OF
DANCE
• Music - is the auditory background to which a dancer
moves. A dance is always accomplished by any form
of music
 ELEMENTS OF
DANCE
• Costume and paraphernalia - are properties worn by the
dancers that help reflect the message, customs, beliefs,
and setting of the dance.
 ELEMENTS OF
• Choreography -DANCE
refers to the figures and steps in
dancing that enable the dancers to perform in an
organized manner.
 ELEMENTS OF
• Scenery - refersDANCE
the background or setting where the
dance is performed to make it more realistic and
enriching.
 LITERATUR
E human
• Is one of the arts that expresses
feelings. It shows ideas or emotions through
symbolic presentation in the form of short
story, poetry, drama or play and essay
among others.
 GENERAL ELEMENTS OF
LITERATURE
• At present, not all written works can
be
considered literature. To understand a
good literary work, we should know first
the important elements of literature.
 THE IMPORTANT
ELEMENTS
• Emotional Appeal OF LITERATURE
– is attained when
the reader is emotionally or touched.
• Humanistic Value – can be realized when
the literary work affirms the dignity and
worth of all people.
 LITERARY WORKS AND
THEIR
• Elements of the Short ELEMENTS:
Story
• Elements of the Novel
• Elements of Drama
 SHORT
brief STORY
• A short story is a work of literature,
usually written in narrative prose.
Emerging from earlier oral storytelling
traditions in the 17th century, the short
story has grown to encompass a body
of work so diverse as to defy easy
characterization.
 NOVE
L
• Is a long work of prose fiction dealing
with characters, situations, and scenes
that represent real life.
• Fiction, whether long (novel) or short (short
story), may aim to give us moral lessons,
bring pleasure, raise questions, or cultivate
critical thinking.
 DRAMA…
• …is a story
told in front
of an
audience
 DRAMA
• Comes from the Greek Word,
“Dran”
• Means “To do” or “To Act”
• The Doing/Acting Makes Drama
• Playwright-the author
of a play
• Actors-the people
who perform
• Acts-the units of
action
• Scenes-parts of the
acts
TYPES OF
DRAMA
• Drama is used to
describe plays
that address a
serious subject.
 TYPES OF
•COMEDY DRAMA
•TRAGED
Y
 TYPES OF
• Comedy is a DRAMA
form of drama
that has a
happy ending.
Humor comes
from the
dialogue and
situations.
 TYPES OF
DRAMA
• Tragedy is a form of drama in which
events lead to the downfall of the main
character, often a person of great
significance, like a king or hero.
Element of
Literature
1.CHARACTER
S
2.SETTIN
G
 SETTING/SCENER
• Construction on
the stage that
Y
shows time/place
• Could be called
Scenery.
• Furniture, painted
backdrops, or large
props should appear
real.
3.THEM
E
 THEM
• While plot refers to the action of theE
play, theme refers to the meaning of
the play. Theme is the main idea or
lesson to be learned from the play. In
some cases, the theme of a play is
obvious; other times it is quite subtle.
 4.PLO
• Is the soul of drama. T
• It tells what is the story about?
• Lay outs the series of events that form the
entirety of the play. Its serves as a
structural framework which brings the
events to a cohesive form and sense.
• The plot is divided into:
• Exposition/Introduction
• Introduces the character, provides
information about earlier events
and present situation.
• Inciting actions
• Situation move towards a point
• Rising Action
• Part of the complication.
• Crisis or Turning Point
• Choices and decisions lead to
the inevitable.
• Falling action
• The incidents following the turning
point happen without decrease in
intensity
• Denouement or resolution
• Clarifies and relaxes the
tension.
5.POINT OF
VIEW
 6.SYMBOLIS
• Is used in literature whenM
one thing is meant
to represent something else.
• Symbols are object, person, situation,
action and all recognizable things or items
that suggest other meaning.
 7.IRON
• Is a contrast among what seems and whatYis and could
be.

Three types of Irony

• Verbal – I am saying one thing but really mean the other.
• Situational – When something happens, and I
was expecting the opposite.
• Dramatic – When everyone knows something I
don’t.
 IRON
• Occurs when there is a difference Y
between what is expected and what
actually happens in a story, poems or
play.
 8.STYL
Ethe ways
• is the literary element that describes
that the author uses words — the author's
word choice, sentence structure, figurative
language, and sentence arrangement all
work together to establish mood, images, and
meaning in the text.
 9.CONFLIC
T internal or
• The
external struggle
between opposing
forces, ideas, or
interests that
create dramatic
tension.
 10.CLIMA
X
• The point of greatest emotional
intensity, interest, or suspense in the
plot of a narrative.
• Typically comes at the turning point in
a story or drama.
 11.MUSIC AND
•SPECTACLE
Both show the relationship of script, actor,
audience, author producer, society,
genre, stage, and other elements of the
drama.
• Music
• While music is often featured in drama, in
this case Aristotle was referring to the
rhythm of the actors' voices as they
speak.
• Spectacle
• This refers to the visual elements of a
play: sets, costumes, special effects,
etc. Spectacle is everything that the
audience sees as they watch the play.
 12.COSTUMES
AND
• Costume
MAKEUP
• Clothing and
accessories worn by
actors to portray
character and
period.
• Every costume should
be comfortable and
securely put
together.
 Makeup
• Costumes, wigs,
and body paint
used to transform
an actor into a
character.
 13.DIALOGU
E
• This refers to the words written by the
playwright and spoken by the characters
in the play.
• The dialogue helps move the action of
the play along.
• The conversation between and among
the characters of the drama.
• Lightings
• The placement,
intensity, and
color of lights to
help
communicate
environment,
mood, or feeling
 SUMMARY
ELEMENT SHORT STORY NOVEL DRAMA
PLOT   
CHARACTERS   
POINT OF VIEW 
SETTING   
THEME   
IRONY  
SYMBOLISM 
STYLE 
CONFLICT 
CLIMAX 
MUSIC & SPECTACLE 
COSTUME & MAKE UP 
DIALOGUE 