Any Material Which Is Not Needed by The Owner, Producer or Processor
Any Material Which Is Not Needed by The Owner, Producer or Processor
Any Material Which Is Not Needed by The Owner, Producer or Processor
• Waste- Definition
Any material which is not needed by the owner, producer
or processor.
• In a common man’s eye anything that is unwanted or not
useful is garbage. However scientifically speaking there is
nothing waste as such in the world. Almost all the
components of solid waste have some potential if it is
converted or treated in a scientific manner. Hence the wise
description of solid waste could be
• “Organic or inorganic waste materials produced out of
household or commercial activities, that have lost their
value in the eyes of the first owner but which may be of great
value to somebody else.”
Disposal of SW
• Disposing solid waste out of sight does not solve
the problem but indirectly increases the same
manifold.
• The consequences of this practice such as
1) Health hazards
2) Pollution of soil, (Surface & Ground) water, air & food
3) Fire,
4) Unpleasant surroundings
5) Loss of precious resources that could be obtained
from the solid waste,
6) Social issues
Management of solid waste
• Management of solid waste
• Reduction
• Proper segregation
• Scientific recycling of all the components
• Reuse
• Treatment
Classification of solid waste
• 1. Garbage: Putrecible wastes from food, slaughterhouses, canning and
freezing industries.
• 2. Rubbish: non-putrecible wastes either combustible or non-combustible.
These include wood, paper, rubber, leather and garden wastes as
comustible wastes whereas the non-combustible wastes include glass,
metal, ceramics, stones and soil.
• 3. Ashes: Residues of combustion, solid products after heating and cooking
or incineration by the municipal, industrial, hospital and apartments areas.
• 4. Large wastes: Demolition and construction wastes, automobiles,
furniture’s, refrigerators and other home appliances, trees, fires etc.
• 5. Dead animals: House holds pets, birds, rodents, zoo animals, and
anatomical and pathological tissues from hospitals.
• 6. Sewage sludges: These include screening wastes, settled solids and
sludges.
• 7. Industrial wastes: Chemicals, paints, sand and explosives.
• 8. Mining wastes: Tailings, slug ropes, culm piles at mine areas
• 9. Agricultural wastes: Farm animal manure, crop residues and others.
Classification of Wastes
• Solid waste- vegetable waste, kitchen waste, household
waste etc.
• E-waste- discarded electronic devices like computer, TV,
music systems etc.
• Sophisticated vehicle
Ideal solid Waste Management scheme
Treatment
• Vermi composting
• Incineration
• Anaerobic treatment/Gasification
• Low lying Land filling/ sanitary landfill
• Dumping into the sea
• Ploughing in fields
• Grinding & discharging in to sewers
• Hog feeding
• Salvaging and reuse (Paper, wood, glass, metal, cotton pieces)
Managing Waste
Recycling: Processing of a waste item into usable forms.
Benefits of recycling:
-Reduce environmental degradation
-Making money out of waste
-Save energy that would have gone into waste handling &
product manufacture
Saving through recycling:
-When Al is resmelted- considerable saving in cost
-Making paper from waste saves 50% energy
-Every tonne of recycled glass saves energy equivalent to 100
litres of oil
Recycling is not a solution to managing every kind of waste material
For many items recycling technologies are unavailable or unsafe
In some cases, cost of recycling is too high.
Problems in Dealing With Solid
Waste
• Education & voluntary compliance
• Collection of waste
• Technological interventions