Advances in Gladiolus Breeding
Advances in Gladiolus Breeding
Advances in Gladiolus Breeding
2-3 flower open in the morning hr’s & later the anthers dehisce
along the longitudinal sutures. After about 24 hr’s of flower
opening, the stigma becomes receptive.
Ray choudary reported that the gladiolus flower bud takes 16 days
to reach the full bloom stage. The unfurling of the petals starts
early in the morning & complete opening of florets takes 22-24 hr’s
The dehiscence of anthers occurs between 8.00 and 9.30
a.m. following anthesis. The pollen grains were reported to
be round in shape with average dia of 106 µ. And stigma
receptivity stays for 24 hours.
Cut flower trade: the petal should have good substance so that
it can withstand the rigours of handling & transport, and the
florets must open slowely thus improving the vase life
Wide adoptability
It has to be a rapid multiplier of corms & cormels, so that new
cultivar could be multiplied fast.
Hybrid
Hybrid
Hybrid 87-1-1
86-3-4
87-1-1 Hybrid 84-7-11
Recent varieties of IIHR
Arka Amar : (Water Melon X Arthi)
Arka Suvarna
Arka Naveen
Breeding work at IARI
Efforts made at IARI New Delhi for breeding new varieties for subtropical
conditions through hybridization resulted in development of 4 new
varieties, namely,
Pusa Kiran
Pusa Shubham
NBRI Lucknow (20 var)
1. Archana (Sylvia x Friendship): spikes 80 cm long with
branching habit. Florets Begonia Purple with a central white
streak on petals, 16-18 /spike
Spontaneous mutation:
• In india 1st spontaneous mutant was observed in Salmons
Sensation in 1975 by Mishra. Later it was also detected in the
variety Ratna’s Butterfly (1982), were the mutated colour
appeared on the petals as well as inside the flowers.
Induced mutation:
Physical mutagens:- certain variations obtained through
Gamma radiation, but these variations did not persist further, in
vM2 generation these abnormalities disappeared because of
diplomatic selection of the tissues.
It was further reported that the gladiolus cormels were less
sensitive to irradiation & survival at higher dose was greater than
other bulbous ornamentals and fast neutron treatment was more
effective
A desirable & stable mutant with Shell Pink floret, observed in vM2
generation as a chimera in 1 kR treatment, was isolated from the
cultivar “Wild Rose”. This mutant was named & released as
‘Shobha’
‘Shobha in 1980 by IIHR.
Dhaduk (1992) irradiated corms of 4 varieties, namely ‘Melody’ ,
G. psittacinus hybrid, ‘Pusa Suhagin’ and ‘Rose Supreme’ with
acute doses, 1, 3, 5, 7 & 10 kR of gamma rays.
LD50 was found between 7& 10 kR. Five flower colour mutants
were isolated .
However, mature seeds were not obtained from the crosses using
Gladiolus orchidiflorus as the female parent.
These genotypes were evaluated for different traits and there was
a significant difference among the genotypes.
IIHRG- 10
IIHRG -11
(Pragya Ranjan et al., 2009)