G1 Emulsions

NGUYEN TAT THANH UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
EMULSIONS
GROUP 1
Course: SURFACTANTS
Instructor: Nguyen Thi Ngoc Lan
1 INTRODUCTION
TABLE OF 2 CLASSIFICATIONS
CONTENT
S 3 EMULSION METHOD
4 EMULSIFIERS
1. INTRODUCTION
EMULSION:
Emulsions are a class of disperse systems consisting of two immiscible liquids

.The liquid droplets (the disperse phase) are dispersed in a liquid medium (the
continuous phase).
1. INTRODUCTION
Several classes of emulsion may be distinguished:
Micro Emulsion
•oil-in-water (O/W)
•water-in-oil (W/O)
Complex emulsion
•oil-water-oil (O-W-O)
•water-oil-water (W-O-W)
1. INTRODUCTION
PHASE
Distinguished
from other
A separate and
system
homogeneous
components by
system
a defined
interface
2. CLASSIFICATIONS
2.1. Micro Emulsion
-Also known as micro-emulsion;
-When the diameter of the oil droplets is reduced to about 0.5 µm;
-The effect of the scattered light will be transparent invisible to the eyes.
2. CLASSIFICATIONS
2.1. Micro Emulsion
Divided into 2 types:
• Water-in-oil (W/O)
• Oil-in-water (O/W)
2. CLASSIFICATIONS
2.1. Micro Emulsion
When an emulsion is When an emulsion is

“oil-in-water” oil is the “water-in-oil” water is the
dispersed phase that is dispersed phase that is
distributed into the distributed into the
continuous phase water continuous phase oil
2. CLASSIFICATIONS
2.1. Micro Emulsion
A few examples of emulsion
For Food For Cosmetic
Milk is an example of Butter is an example Cleansing water is Vanish Cream is an

an oil-in-water water-in-oil an example water-in- example oil-in-water
oil
2. CLASSIFICATIONS
2.2. Complex Emulsion
- Is an oil that can be dispersed in

the emulsion phase of W-O to
create a complex O-W-O.
- Similarly, we also have the complex
system W-O-W.
2. CLASSIFICATIONS
3. EMULSION METHOD
Conditons Affecting
THE MIXING PROCESS THE COOLING PROCESS THE HOMOGENIZATION

• Phase temperature • Cooling speed STAGE
• Mixing orders • Mixing method • Temperature
• Emulsifier • Conversion speed
• Emulsion along with the
method of mixing
4. EMULSIFIER
- Emulsifiers belong to the surfactants.
- Helps form and stabilize emulsions.
- Which can nest around boundary layers
between aqueous and greasy parts.
- Usually with a grease-loving (lipophilic) and a
water-loving (hydrophilic) part.

4. EMULSIFIER
Anion Emulsifiers
Often polar substances that

can dissolve oil such as
tincture
Cetyl alcohol
Ex: Cetyl alcohol C16H34O
Ester of vascular fatty acids

with a long circuit carbon such
as glyceryl monostearate is
used as a stabilizer.
glyceryl monostearate
C21H42O4
4. EMULSIFIER
Cation Emulsifiers
The quaternary ammonium compound

can dissolve in water Cetrimonium chloride
C19H42ClN
Ex: cetyltrimetylammonium chloride
To create a stable system, polar

fats is need
4. EMULSIFIER
Hermaphrodite Emulsifiers Non-ionic Emulsifiers
The hermaphroditic emulsifiers have People often use emulsifiers from

not been used in cosmetic emulsion. this group in cosmetics.
They can produce emulsion of W /
The polarity of these compounds are O or O / W and compatible with
dependent on the level of pH. agents belonging to the other three
groups
Ex: Sorbitol, Propylene Glycol
C6H14O6
CHOOSING EMULSIFIERS
According to Features
Glyceryl stearate and laureth -2,3 (2/5%) Glyceryl stearate (4/6%) +PEG-20
+ PEG-20 stearate (2/5%) stearate (2/4%)
• Cream (O/W) soft and smooth • Make cream harder, denser, brighter and
• Make a good combination for emulsions more opaque
have a pH level within 4 – 9 • Good for cream with more complex
ingredient
Glyceryl stearate (4% ) + GMS (6 /7%) Glyceryl stearate SE (2/5%)
• Create a stable O/W emulsions in • Anionic emulsifiers is good for O/W
environments with low to high pH level emulsions
• Used for creams, lotion and ointments in • Only good for system with high pH level
water
• pH > 5,5
According to Features
According to Products
Solid lotion / soft cream have a viscosity

Milk / lotion have a viscosity level below level from 10000 to 35000cps
10000cps
• Glyceryl stearate and laureth-2,3 (5/6%)
• Glycerylstearate and laureth-2,3 (3/4%) + PEG-20 stearate (3/4%)
+ PEG-20 stearate • Glyceryl stearate SE (5/6%) + PEG-20
(2,5/3%). stearate (3/4%)
• Glycerylstearate (5 + 6%) + PEG-20 Solid / soft cream have a viscosity level
stearate (2,5/3%). beyond 50000cps
• Glyceryl stearate and laureth-2,3
(7,5/8%) + PEG-20 stearate
(3,5+ 4,5%).
• Glyceryl stearate and laureth-2,3 (5+6%)
+cerasynt M (2,5/3,5%)
According to Products
4. EMULSIFIER
– Glycerol Monostearate (E471)
– Tween 80 / Polysorbate 80 (E433)
– Polysorbate (TWEEN)
– Sodium lauryl sunfate (SLS)

Sorbitan monostearate
(Span 60)
Sorbitan monostearate may be safely

used as an emulsifier in the following
food
A white to yellow waxy bead or flake with

a slight characteristic smell.
• Whipped edible oil topping

• Cakes and cake mixes, icings and
fillings
• Nonstandardized confectionery Chemical formula C24H46O6
coatings and standardized cacao
Melting point 54-57 °C
products
• Edible vegetable fat-water emulsions Molar mass 430.62 g/mol
in beverage coffee Appearance Waxy powder
Glycerol Monostearate (E471)
White powder, flake or bead

with a slight acidic smell.
GMS can act as an
emollient and emulsifying
agent in cosmetics and
Chemical formula C21H42O4
personal care products.
Molar mass 358.563 g·mol−1
•GMS has a low HLB
value 3-4, it is insoluble Appearance White solid
in water; soluble in hot Density 1.03 g/cm3
oils, hot organic solvents.
•As its low HLB (Mix) 57–65 °C
property, it is lipophilic Melting point (1) 81°C
(2) 73–74 °C
and forms water-in-oil
emulsions (w/o). Solubility in water Insoluble
Polysorbate(Tween)
Polysorbates are a class of
emulsifiers used in some
pharmaceuticals and food
preparation.
They are often used in

cosmetics to solubilize
essential oils into water-
based products
Sodium lauryl sunfate
White or cream-colored solid
SLS is what’s known as a “surfactant.”

The compound have amphiphilic
properties and so make it useful as a
detergent.
The ingredients SLS are most

commonly found in personal products
and cleaning agents such as:
• liquid soap
• shampoos
• laundry detergents
• dish detergents Chemical formula CH3(CH2)11SO4Na
• toothpaste
• bath bombs Melting point 205.50oC
Cetyl alcohol
- Cetyl alcohol also known

as hexadecan-1-ol and palmityl
alcohol, is a C-16 fatty alcohol with
the formula CH3(CH2)15OH. At room
temperature, cetyl alcohol takes the
form of a waxy white solid or flakes.
- Cetyl alcohol is used in the

cosmetic industry as
an opacifier in shampoos, or as
an emollient, emulsifier Chemical formula C16H34O
or thickening agent in the Melting point
manufacture of skin creams and 49.3 °C (120.7 °F;
lotions 322.4 K)
Cetyltrimethylammonium
chloride (CTAC)
-Cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) is a

cationic surfactant that can be used in the synthesis of
mesoporous molecular sieves and micelle
complexes. It can also be used as a dispersant to
prevent aggregation of nanoparticles
-Cetrimonium chloride is a preservative and

antistatic agent. It can also be used as an
antiseptic and disinfectant. It is often found in
hair conditioner, shampoo, styling products,
hairspray, and other personal care products.
Chemical Formula CH3(CH2)15N(Cl)

(CH3)
Melting point 234℃
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NGUYEN TAT THANH UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT

Emulsions are a class of disperse systems consisting of two immiscible liquids

Divided into 2 types:

When an emulsion is When an emulsion is

A few examples of emulsion

For Food For Cosmetic

Milk is an example of Butter is an example Cleansing water is Vanish Cream is an

- Is an oil that can be dispersed in

THE MIXING PROCESS THE COOLING PROCESS THE HOMOGENIZATION

- Emulsifiers belong to the surfactants.

- Helps form and stabilize emulsions.

- Which can nest around boundary layers

between aqueous and greasy parts.

- Usually with a grease-loving (lipophilic) and a

water-loving (hydrophilic) part.

Often polar substances that

Ester of vascular fatty acids

The quaternary ammonium compound

To create a stable system, polar

The hermaphroditic emulsifiers have People often use emulsifiers from

Solid lotion / soft cream have a viscosity

– Glycerol Monostearate (E471)

– Tween 80 / Polysorbate 80 (E433)

– Sodium lauryl sunfate (SLS)

Sorbitan monostearate may be safely

A white to yellow waxy bead or flake with

• Whipped edible oil topping

White powder, flake or bead

They are often used in

White or cream-colored solid

SLS is what’s known as a “surfactant.”

The ingredients SLS are most

- Cetyl alcohol also known

- Cetyl alcohol is used in the

-Cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) is a

-Cetrimonium chloride is a preservative and

Chemical Formula CH3(CH2)15N(Cl)

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