Electrostatics and Ohms Law
Electrostatics and Ohms Law
Electrostatics and Ohms Law
F electric = k (q q )
C 1 2
r
2
9 2
kC = Coulomb constant = 8.99x10 Nm
C2
q1 = charge of charge 1 (C)
q2 = charge of charge 2 (C)
r = distance between charge 1 & charge 2 (m)
• Felectric is a vector quantity
• Magnitude
• Direction
Comparison of forces
Felectric qqo
E kc 2
qo r qo
q
E kc 2
r
Electric Field
A vector quantity with…..
•Red (=2) and blue (=6) give the first two digits: 26
•Green (=5) gives the power of ten in the multiplier: 105
•The value of the resistor then is 26 x 105 Ω (or 2.6 MΩ)
•The tolerance is 10% (silver = 10%) or 2.6 x 105 Ω
Resistivity
•The inverse of the conductivity is the
resistivity:
–ρ=1/σ
•Resistivity has SI units of ohm-meters (Ω .
m)
•Resistance is also related to resistivity:
Rρ
A
Resistivity Values
Electric circuits
• When components are connected in series,
the same electric current flows through them
𝐼
𝐼
• Charge conservation : current cannot
disappear!
Electric circuits
• When components are connected in parallel,
the same potential difference drops across
them
𝑉 𝑉 𝑉
𝐼1
𝐼 1 =𝐼 2+ 𝐼 3
𝐼3
• Charge conservation : current cannot
disappear!
Consider the currents I1, I2
and I3 as indicated on the
circuit diagram. If I1 = 2.5 A
and I2 = 4 A, what is the I1
I2 I3
value of I3?
1. 6.5 A
2. 1.5 A
3. −1.5 A
4. 0A
5. The situation is not
possible
Consider the currents I1, I2
and I3 as indicated on the
circuit diagram. If I1 = 2.5 A
and I2 = 4 A, what is the I1
I2 I3
value of I3?
current in = current
out 𝐼 =𝐼 + 𝐼
1 2 3
𝐼 3 =𝐼 1 − 𝐼 2
𝐼 3 =2 . 5− 4=− 1. 5 𝐴
(Negative sign means opposite direction to
arrow.)
Resistors in series/parallel
• If two resistors are connected in series, what
is the total resistance?
𝑅1
𝑅2
same current 𝐼 𝐼
Potential drop Potential drop
𝐼
Potential drop
𝑅𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑅1 + 𝑅2
𝑅2
Resistors in series/parallel
• If two resistors are connected in parallel, what
is the total resistance?
𝑅1
𝐼
1
𝑅2
𝐼
𝐼
𝐼 2
𝑉
Total current
Resistors in series/parallel
• If two resistors are connected in parallel, what
is the total resistance?
𝑅𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝐼
Current I
1 1 1
= +
𝑅 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑅 1 𝑅2
• Total resistance decreases in parallel!
Resistors in series/parallel
• Total resistance decreases in parallel!
Resistors in series/parallel
• What’s the current flowing?
1. Increases
2. Decreases
3. Stays the same
2
2 𝑉
𝑉 =𝐼𝑅
𝑃=𝑉𝐼 =𝐼 𝑅=
𝑅
If an additional resistor,
I
R3, is added in parallel
V
to the circuit, what
happens to the total
current, I?
1. Increases
2. Decreases
3. Stays the same
4. Depends on R values
𝑉 𝑉
Current in circuit: 𝐼 ¿ =
𝑅𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 + 𝑅 3 ❑
V1 = 2.0 V? 6.0 W
1. 0.80 W
2.1.2 W
3.6.0 W
4.30 W