Quarter 2 - Module 1

Different Forms of EM
Waves
SCIENCE
Quarter 2- Module 1
TRUE OR FALSE:
Write the word TRUE if the statement is correct, and FALSE if it is not
1) Electromagnetic waves transfer energy through a TRUE

vacuum.
2) A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy. TRUE
3) EM waves travel at the speed of 3x108 m/s. TRUE
4) Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves FALSE
consisting of changing electric fields and changing
magnetic fields.
5) Most EM waves have the same speed. FALSE
What is Waves
 Waves involve the transport of energy without the transport of matter. In

conclusion, a wave can be described as a disturbance that travels through a
medium, transporting energy from one location (its source) to another
location without transporting matter.
Three type of waves:
1. Mechanical Waves: Moving through medium. (solid, liquid ,gas)

2. Electromagnetic Waves: Do not need a medium to move through
3. Matter Waves: Electrons and Particles.
Parts of waves
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Largest Amplitude = Least powerful wave

Smallest Amlitude = Most powerful wave
Electromagnetic Spectrum:
The entire frequency range of electromagnetic waves.
Travel through medium
Travel through vacuum of space

 Electromagnetic waves travel in a vacuum at a speed of 3x108 m/s and
denoted as c, the speed of light. The speed is slightly slower in air, glass, and
any other material. To appreciate just how great this speed is, consider this:
Light from the sun travels 150 million kilometers to Earth in about 8 minutes!
5 Scientist who contributed in
electromagnetic wave theory
 Hans Christian Oersted: Showed how a current - carrying wire behaves like a
magnet.
 Michael Faraday: Formulated the principle behind electromagnetic induction.
 André-Marie Ampere: Demonstrated the magnetic effect based on the
direction of a current
 Heinrich Hertz: Showed experimental evidence of electromagnetic waves and
their link to light
 James Clerk Maxwell: Contributed in developing equations that showed the
relationship of electricity and magnetism
Properties and Uses.
Radio waves
 Radio waves are at the lowest range of the EM spectrum, with frequencies of
up to about 30 billion hertz, or 30 gigahertz (GHz), and wavelengths greater
than about 10 millimeters (0.4 inches). Radio is used primarily for
communications including voice, data and entertainment media.
 They are used in standard broadcast radio and television, shortwave radio,
navigation and air-traffic control, cellular telephone, and even remote-
controlled toys.
Microwaves
 Microwaves fall in the range of the EM spectrum between radio
and IR. They have frequencies from about 3 GHz up to about 30
trillion hertz, or 30 terahertz (THz), and wavelengths of about 10
mm (0.4 inches) to 100 micrometers (μm), or 0.004 inches.
Microwaves are used for high-bandwidth communications, radar
and as a heat source for microwave ovens and industrial
applications.
 Microwaves are used for cooking food, communications and for
satellite communications. Intense sources of microwaves can be
dangerous through internal heating of body cells
Infrared
 Infrared is in the range of the EM spectrum between microwaves and
visible light. IR has frequencies from about 30 THz up to about 400
THz and wavelengths of about 100 μm (0.004 inches) to 740
nanometers (nm), or 0.00003 inches. IR light is invisible to human
eyes, but we can feel it as heat if the intensity is sufficient.
 Infrared (IR) light is used by electrical heaters, cookers for cooking
food, short-range communications like remote controls, optical
fibres, security systems and thermal imaging cameras which detect
people in the dark. The heating effect of IR can cause burns to the
skin.
Visible light
 Visible light is found in the middle of the EM spectrum, between IR and UV. It
has frequencies of about 400 THz to 800 THz and wavelengths of about 740
nm (0.00003 inches) to 380 nm (.000015 inches). More generally, visible light
is defined as the wavelengths that are visible to most human eyes.
 Visible light is the light we can see, so is used in photography and
illumination. It is also used in fibre optic communications, where coded
pulses of light travel through glass fibres from a source to a receiver.
Ultraviolet
 Ultraviolet light is in the range of the EM spectrum between visible light and
X-rays. It has frequencies of about 8 × 1014 to 3 × 1016 Hz and wavelengths of
about 380 nm (.000015 inches) to about 10 nm (0.0000004 inches). UV light is
a component of sunlight; however, it is invisible to the human eye. It has
numerous medical and industrial applications, but it can damage living tissue.
 Ultraviolet light in sunlight can cause the skin to tan or burn. Fluorescent
substances are used in energy-efficient lamps - they absorb ultraviolet light
produced inside the lamp, and re-emit the energy as visible light. Similar
substances are used on bank notes to detect forgeries. The hazardous
properties of UV mean it will kill bacteria and can be used for disinfecting
water.
X-rays
 X-rays are roughly classified into two types: soft X-rays and hard X-rays. Soft X-
rays comprise the range of the EM spectrum between UV and gamma rays. Soft
X-rays have frequencies of about 3 × 1016 to about 1018 Hz and wavelengths of
about 10 nm (4 × 10−7 inches) to about 100 picometers (pm), or 4 × 10−8 inches.
Hard X-rays occupy the same region of the EM spectrum as gamma rays. The
only difference between them is their source: X-rays are produced by
accelerating electrons, while gamma rays are produced by atomic nuclei.
 X-rays are absorbed by dense structures like bones, which is why X-ray photos
are used to help identify broken bones.
 X-ray imaging is also used for scanning the internal structure of objects and in
airport security scanners.
Gamma-rays
 Gamma-rays are in the range of the spectrum above soft X-rays. Gamma-rays
have frequencies greater than about 1018 Hz and wavelengths of less than 100
pm (4 × 10−9 inches). Gamma radiation causes damage to living tissue, which
makes it useful for killing cancer cells when applied in carefully measured
doses to small regions. Uncontrolled exposure, though, is extremely
dangerous to humans.
 Gamma rays are used for sterilising food and medical instruments, and in the
treatment and detection of cancer.
Hazards of electromagnetic radiation
 Over-exposure to certain types of electromagnetic radiationcan be harmful.

The higher the frequency of the radiation, the more damage it is likely to
cause to the body:
 microwaves cause internal heating of body tissues
 infrared radiation is felt as heat and causes skin to burn
 X-rays damage cells causing mutations (which may lead to cancer) and cell
death - this is why doctors and dentists stand behind protective screens when
taking lots of X-rays
 gamma rays also damage cells causing mutations and cell death
Thank you and have a
wonderful day

Quarter 2 - Module 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Quarter 2 - Module 1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Quarter 2 - Module 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Different Forms of EM

1) Electromagnetic waves transfer energy through a TRUE

 Waves involve the transport of energy without the transport of matter. In

1. Mechanical Waves: Moving through medium. (solid, liquid ,gas)

Largest Amplitude = Least powerful wave

Travel through medium

Travel through vacuum of space

 Over-exposure to certain types of electromagnetic radiationcan be harmful.

You might also like