Module 4: Drug Education: Week 6
Module 4: Drug Education: Week 6
Module 4: Drug Education: Week 6
WEEK 6
PREVENTIVE DRUG EDUCATION PROGRAM POLICY FOR
CURRICULUM AND INSTRUCTION
Section 1. Short Title. – This Act shall be known and cited as the "Comprehensive
Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002".
Toward this end, the government shall pursue an intensive and unrelenting
campaign against the trafficking and use of dangerous drugs and other similar
substances through an integrated system of planning, implementation and
enforcement of anti-drug abuse policies, programs, and projects. The government
shall however aim to achieve a balance in the national drug control program so that
people with legitimate medical needs are not prevented from being treated with
adequate amounts of appropriate medications, which include the use of dangerous
drugs.
ARTICLE IV
Participation of the Family, Students, Teachers and School
Authorities in the Enforcement of this Act
(1) Adverse effects of the abuse and misuse of dangerous drugs on the person, the
family, the school and the community;
(2) Preventive measures against drug abuse;
(3) Health, socio-cultural, psychological, legal and economic dimensions and
implications of the drug problem;
(4) Steps to take when intervention on behalf of a drug dependent is needed, as well as
the services available for the treatment and rehabilitation of drug dependents; and
(5) Misconceptions about the use of dangerous drugs such as, but not limited to, the
importance and safety of dangerous drugs for medical and therapeutic use as well as
the differentiation between medical patients and drug dependents in order to avoid
confusion and accidental stigmatization in the consciousness of the students.
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9165
Any teacher or school employee, who discovers or finds that any person in the school
or within its immediate vicinity is liable for violating any of said provisions, shall
have the duty to report the same to the school head or immediate superior who shall,
in turn, report the matter to the proper authorities.
Failure to do so in either case, within a reasonable period from the time of discovery
of the violation shall, after due hearing, constitute sufficient cause for disciplinary
action by the school authorities.
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9165
Section 46. Special Drug Education Center. – With the assistance of the Board, the
Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG), the National Youth
Commission (NYC), and the Department of Social Welfare and Development
(DSWD) shall establish in each of its provincial office a special education drug center
for out-of-school youth and street children. Such Center which shall be headed by
the Provincial Social. Welfare Development Officer shall sponsor drug prevention
programs and activities and information campaigns with the end in view of
educating the out-of-school youth and street children regarding the pernicious
effects of drug abuse. The programs initiated by the Center shall likewise be adopted
in all public and private orphanage and existing special centers for street children.
DRUG MISUSE AND ADDICTION
These positron emission tomography (PET) scans compare the brain of an individual with a
history of cocaine use disorder (middle and right) to the brain of an individual without a
history of cocaine use (left). The person who has had a cocaine use disorder has lower levels of
the D2 dopamine receptor (depicted in red) in the striatum one month (middle) and four
months (right) after stopping cocaine use compared to the non-user. The level of dopamine
receptors in the brain of the cocaine user are higher at the 4-month mark (right), but have not
returned to the levels observed in the non-user (left).
DRUG MISUSE AND ADDICTION
If taking drugs makes people feel good or better, what's the problem?
When they first use a drug, people may perceive what seem to be
positive effects. They also may believe they can control their use. But
drugs can quickly take over a person's life. Over time, if drug use
continues, other pleasurable activities become less pleasurable, and the
person has to take the drug just to feel “normal.” They have a hard time
controlling their need to take drugs even though it causes many
problems for themselves and their loved ones. Some people may start to
feel the need to take more of a drug or take it more often, even in the
early stages of their drug use. These are the signs of an addiction.
Even relatively moderate drug use poses dangers. Consider how a social
drinker can become intoxicated, get behind the wheel of a car, and
quickly turn a pleasurable activity into a tragedy that affects many lives.
Occasional drug use, such as misusing an opioid to get high, can have
similarly disastrous effects, including impaired driving and overdose.
DRUG MISUSE AND ADDICTION
Early use. Although taking drugs at any age can lead to addiction, research
shows that the earlier people begin to use drugs, the more likely they are to
develop serious problems. This may be due to the harmful effect that drugs
can have on the developing brain. It also may result from a mix of early
social and biological risk factors, including lack of a stable home or family,
exposure to physical or sexual abuse, genes, or mental illness. Still, the fact
remains that early use is a strong indicator of problems ahead, including
addiction.
How the drug is taken. Smoking a drug or injecting it into a vein
increases its addictive potential. Both smoked and injected drugs enter the
brain within seconds, producing a powerful rush of pleasure. However, this
intense high can fade within a few minutes. Scientists believe this powerful
contrast drives some people to repeatedly use drugs to recapture the fleeting
pleasurable state.
DRUG MISUSE AND ADDICTION
Drug abuse has a pervasive effect on an entire community. Understanding drug use risk
factors and spreading the word through prevention programs is the best defense against
drug abuse.
Parental monitoring has been the most effective way to slow the expansion of drugs in
family situations.
School drug prevention programs serve a valuable purpose in first time users aged 12-17.
Schools with strict compliance rules and counseling support have been successful at
reducing usage.
The National Institute Against Drug Abuse (NIDA) has found that gains resulting from
community drug prevention programs far outweigh the financial investment by the
community.
Programs should make sure to address all aspects of drug abuse. This includes underage
use of legal drugs such as alcohol and tobacco, illicit street drugs, inhalants and the
inappropriate use of legal drugs such as prescription and over the counter drugs.
These programs must also be tailored to the specific needs of the audience. Having
specialized programs for different genders, ages, cultures and ethnicities only make the
programs more effective.
Drug Prevention
Learn the facts about the harmful effects of drugs and talk about it
with your child.
Be clear and consistent about family rules, it would show your family
values.
Correct any wrong beliefs your child may have.
Avoid TV programs, movies, and video games that glamorize
tobacco, alcohol, and drugs.
Find time to do things together.
Drug Prevention
Reject friends when they don’t want to do something that they know
is wrong.
Drug Prevention
It helps if you role play and practice. This way, it becomes natural
to do at least one of the following:
Firmly say, “No!”
While the family itself can be the source of drug problems, it can
also be a potent force for prevention and treatment. There has been
increased acceptance of family therapy, where more than one member
of the family is involved simultaneously in therapy sessions. As most
families are supported and cared for by women, women frequently play
a key role in teaching the young, ensuring that health-care is provided,
and maintaining links with and mobilizing community support where
necessary. The recognition and effective utilization of women as
resources for drug prevention and treatment can therefore improve
efforts to reduce both the supply of and demand for drugs. Indeed, the
family unit as a whole has a clear interest in preventing individual
family members from falling prey to drug abuse, and thus could
become a powerful ally of government and community prevention
programs.
Social Consequence of Drug Abuse and Trafficking
Health
Toxic effects and Addiction Risk of Major Illicit and Licit Psychoactive
Substances
Relative Risk of
Drug Category Acute Toxicity Chronic Toxicity
Addiction
Alcohol and related Psychomotor Hypertension, 3
drugs impairment, stroke, hepatitis,
(benzodiazepines, impaired thinking cirrhosis, gastritis,
barbiturates) and judgement, pancreatitis,c/
reckless or violent organic brain
behaviour; damage, cognitive
lowering of body deficits, foetal
temperature, alcohol
respiratory syndrome,c/
depression withdrawal effects:
shakes, seizures,
delirium tremens
Social Consequence of Drug Abuse and Trafficking
Toxic effects and Addiction Risk of Major Illicit and Licit Psychoactive
Substances
Relative Risk of
Drug Category Acute Toxicity Chronic Toxicity
Addiction
Cocaine, Sympathetic Paresthesias, 1
amphetamines overactivity: stereotypy,
hypertension, seizures,
cardiac withdrawal
arrhythmias, depression, chronic
hyperthermia; rhinitis,
acute toxic perforation of nasal
psychosis: septum
delusions,
hallucinations,
paranoia, violence,
anorexia
Social Consequence of Drug Abuse and Trafficking
Toxic effects and Addiction Risk of Major Illicit and Licit Psychoactive
Substances
Relative Risk of
Drug Category Acute Toxicity Chronic Toxicity
Addiction
Caffeine Cardiac Hypertension, 5
arrhythmias, anxiety,
insomnia, depression,
restlessness, withdrawal
excitement, muscle headaches
tension, jitteriness,
gastric discomfor
Cannabis Psychomotor Apathy and mental 4
(marijuana, impairment; slowing, impaired
hashish) synergism with memory and
alcohol and learning (brain
sedatives damage), impaired
immune response
Social Consequence of Drug Abuse and Trafficking
Toxic effects and Addiction Risk of Major Illicit and Licit Psychoactive
Substances
Relative Risk of
Drug Category Acute Toxicity Chronic Toxicity
Addiction
Nicotine Nausea, tremor, Coronary, cerebral 2
tachycardia; high and peripheral
doses: vascular disease,
hypertension, gangrene, gastric
bradycardia, acidity, peptic
diarrhoea, muscle ulcer, withdrawal
twitching, irritability,
respiratory impaired attention
paralysis and concentration,
retarded foetal
growth,
spontaneous
abortion
Social Consequence of Drug Abuse and Trafficking
Toxic effects and Addiction Risk of Major Illicit and Licit Psychoactive
Substances
Relative Risk of
Drug Category Acute Toxicity Chronic Toxicity
Addiction
Opiates Sedation, analgesia, Disorders of 2
emotional blunting, hypothalamic and
dream state; nausea, pituitary hormone
vomiting, spasm of
ureter and bile duct;
secretion,
respiratory constipation,
depression, coma, withdrawal
synergism with cramps, diarrhoea,
alcohol and sedatives; vomiting,
impaired gooseflesh,
thermoregulation; lacrimation and
suppression of sex rhinorrhea
hormones
Social Consequence of Drug Abuse and Trafficking
Toxic effects and Addiction Risk of Major Illicit and Licit Psychoactive
Substances
Relative Risk of
Drug Category Acute Toxicity Chronic Toxicity
Addiction
Hallucinogens Sympathetic Flashbacks, 5
(LSD, PCP) overactivity; visual depression,
and auditory prolonged
illusions, psychotic episodes
hallucinations,
depersonalization;
PCP only: muscle
rigidity,
hyperpyrexia,
ataxia, agitation,
violence,
stereotypy,
convulsions
Social Consequence of Drug Abuse and Trafficking
Education
What Is an Intervention?
Borrowing money
Aggressive behavior
Deterioration of physical appearance
Health issues
Intervention Specialist
The first step in staging an intervention is contacting an
intervention specialist. The intervention professional will keep
communication between the parties moving. Intervention specialists
help addicted people break their cycle of denial. An intervention
specialist is essential to staging a successful intervention.
Confronting an addict alone can actually make matters worse. He
or she may become stubborn and not accept any help. Interventions
should never be attempted by family and friends alone.
Intervention for a Drug Addict
If it is the relatives who wants to seek for help, they may also contact
the authorities mentioned above. In case, the drug addict already
caused crimes within the area, they may also seek help from the
PNP.