Fire Detection and Alarm System
Fire Detection and Alarm System
Fire Detection and Alarm System
FIRE
DETECTION
AND ALARM
SYSTEM • Jamora • Laureta • Marcelino • M a r q1 u e z
FIRE DETECTION
AND
ALARM SYSTEM
has a number of devices
working together to detect and
warn people through visual and
audio appliances when smoke, fire
and carbon monoxide are present
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3
they consist of a series of sensors and
interconnected monitoring equipment that
detects the effects of a fire and activates
connected systems and functions. This
includes:
HISTORY
Fire alarms became a little more
1800s
advanced with the placement of bell
towers around cities to warn off people of
a fire.
HISTORY
Dr. William Channing spearheaded the
1852
first city-wide fire alarm system in
Boston, Massachusetts.
HISTORY
Electric fire alarm system was invented. First time
late
that a thermostat could detect heat and trigger the
1800s sprinkler system to displace a fire. Birth of fire
protection services.
HISTORY
COMPONENT
S
Fire Alarm Initiating Devices
Fire Alarm Notification Devices
Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP)
Backup Power Supply
Remote Control and Display Panels
COMPONENTS 9
“ FIRE
ALARM
INITIATING
10
FIRE ALARM
INITIATING DEVICES
are designed to discover fires early in
their development when time will still
be available for the safe evacuation of
occupants.
FIRE ALARM
INITIATING
DEVICES
whether manual or automatic,
these devices inform the safety
system that an incident is
underway so that emergency
personnel can be alerted and
safeguards can initiate.
INITIATIN 12
G
HISTOR
Y
In 1902, George Andrew
Darby invented the first
smoke detector in
Birmingham, England.
https://youtu.be/M5ViHlIKljs
AUTOMATI
MANUAL C
initiators initiators
Smoke Detector
“
It is a device that senses smoke, typically as an
indicator of fire.
.
Sensitive alarms can be used to detect, and deter,
people smoking in areas where smoking is banned.
TYPES 16
Carbon Monoxide
Detectors
CO fire detectors are electronic
detectors used to indicate the outbreak
of fire by sensing the level of carbon
monoxide in the air.
CO detectors have an electrochemical
cell, which senses carbon monoxide,
but not smoke or any other
combustion products.
PULL STATION
It is an active fire protection device, usually wall-
mounted, that, when activated, initiates an alarm
on a fire alarm system. In its simplest form, the
user activates the alarm by pulling the handle
ALARM down.
BUTTON
It is an active fire protection device, usually wall-
mounted, that, when activated, initiates an alarm on a
fire alarm system.
LIMITATIONS
Particles of combustion or “smoke” from a developing fire may not
“
reach the sensing chambers of the smoke detector
LIMITS 19
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“FIRE ALARM
NOTIFICATIO
N DEVICES
20
FIRE ALARM NOTIFICATION
DEVICES
these components inform people
when all is well, when an event is
underway, and when a
maintenance issue is detected.
if the alarm is triggered,
sounders will operate to warn
people in the building that there
may be a fire and to evacuate
it may also incorporate a remote signal
system which could then alert the fire
brigade via a central station
these sophisticated systems use a
network of devices, appliances, and
control panels to carry out these four
functions
NOTIFICATION 22
HISTOR
Y
• In 1852, he spearheaded the
first city-wide fire alarm
system in Boston,
Massachusetts.
• When a fire alarm was
received, the central station
would ring the bell tower and
give responders the specific
neighborhood the signal
Dr. William Channing originated from
AUDIO
DEVICES
HORN
VOICE
EVACUATION
SYSTEMS
BELL
COMPONENTS 24
VISUAL
DEVICES
https://youtu.be/TLN_JcCkQVU
COMPONENTS 25
3 STATES OF FIRE ALARM
NOTIFICATION DEVICES
NORMAL STATE
When all devices, appliances, wiring, and circuitry are
operating correctly, and no alarms are activated.
26
ALARM STATE
When an initiating device is activated, the system goes into an Alarm State.
The indicating appliances will sound, alerting building occupants to the danger,
and the alphanumeric display on the control panel will indicate from which
zone of the building(s) the alarm is originating from so that emergency
personnel can quickly respond to the correct area.
TROUBLE STATE
Should a short or open wiring develop in the circuits connecting the fire alarm
panel and initiating devices, or within the panel’s wiring or zone cards, or if the
system’s phone line connection is not functioning, then the system goes into
Trouble State and is displayed on the control panel.
STATES 27
LIMITATIONS
Any warning device may fail to alert people with a disability, deep
sleepers, people who have recently used alcohol or drugs, or people on
“
medication or sleeping pills.
Warning devices (including horns, sirens, and bells) may not alert people
or wake up sleepers who are located on the other side of closed or
partially open doors
In rare instances, the sounding of a warning device can cause temporary
or permanent hearing loss.
LIMITS 28
FIRE ALARM
CONTROL PANEL
FACP 29
BACKUP POWER
SUPPLY
In addition to the direct wiring into
the building’s power supply, there are
typically UL Listed emergency
batteries in sealed units to prevent a
disruption of fire protection in the
event of a power outage.
They usually are connected to the
FACP to charge and monitor them.
BPS
REMOTE CONTROL
AND DISPLAY
PANELS
These devices allow the system status to be
checked, the alarms to be initiated or silenced,
or various safety components to be activated or
deactivated throughout a building or even in
remote locations.
These are typically reserved for larger
systems installed in high-rise buildings and
where local code dictates that the fire alarm
system be able to be controlled in remote
locations other than the main FACP.
RCDP 31
DIFFERENT TYPES OF FDAS
– Conventional
– Addressable
– Intelligent
– Wireless
TYPES
CONVENTIONA
L
“ In a Conventional, physical
cabling is used to
interconnect several call
points and detectors, the
signals from which are wired
back to the main control
unit.
DEVICES 33
The detection principle of an
Addressable System is the
same as a Conventional
System, except that each
“
detector is given a set Address
(usually by means of a dip-
switch) and the Control Panel
can then determine exactly
which detector or call point
has initiated the alarm.
ADDRESSAB
LE
DEVICES 34
In Intelligent system, each
detector effectively
incorporates its own computer
“ which evaluates
environment around it and
communicates to the Control
the
INTELLIGE
needs cleaning.
NT
DEVICES 35
These are an effective
alternative to traditional wired
fire alarm systems for all
applications.
communications
interconnect the sensors and
“
They utilize secure, license-free
radio to
DEVICES 36
BENEFITS OF FDAS
Avoid Smoke Inhalation
Early Fire Detection
Discounts on Insurance
Decreased Risk of Fire Damage
BENEFIT https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cVjyDgFrb2g
37
S
AVOID SMOKE INHALATION
Smoke inhalation is the leading cause of death related to fires;
more so than heat or flames. A smoke is a mixture of particles,
chemicals, and gases that causes everything from skin and
mucous membrane irritation to swelling, respiratory distress,
and airway collapse.
EARLY FIRE
DETECTION
An audible or visual signal enables you to seek safety soon
after the fire starts. Early detection can enable you to avoid
serious damage or destruction, so it is of extreme
importance.
BENEFITS 38
DISCOUNTS ON INSURANCE
When you install fire alarms, you can save money on
home. Installing a fire alarm system shows you are taking
responsibility and are prepared for unexpected events.
“
LIMITATIO
NS
OF FDAS 40
LIMITATIONS
Telephone lines needed to transmit alarm signals from a premises to a
central station may be out of service or temporarily out of service.
System components, though designed to last many years, can fail at any
time.
Environments with high air velocity or that are dusty or dirty, require
more frequent maintenance.
LIMITATION
41
S
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“
REQUIREMENTS
AND
RECOMMENDATION
S 42
An automatic fire detection and alarm system shall be provided for any
hotel or dormitory having accommodations for fifteen (15) or more guests.
For less than 15 guests, a manual fire alarm system shall be installed.
RECOS 43
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In hotels and dormitories not equipped with automatic fire detection and
alarm system, guest rooms, living area and sleeping rooms within a guest suite
shall be installed with single-station smoke detectors.
REQS 44
For residential applications, smoke detectors shall be
installed outside of each separate sleeping area in the
immediate vicinity of the bedrooms and on each
additional story of the family living unit, including
basements and excluding crawl spaces and unfinished
attics.
It is recommended that there shall never be less than two smoke detectors per
apartment or residence
RECOS 45
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Although designed for long life, fire alarm devices including smoke detectors
“
may fail at any time. It is recommended that residential smoke detectors shall
be replaced every 10 years.
REQS 46
The most common cause of an alarm system not functioning when a fire
occurs is inadequate maintenance. As such, the alarm system should be
tested weekly to make sure all sensors and transmitters are working
properly.
To keep your fire alarm system in excellent working order, on- going
maintenance is required per the manufacturer’s recommendations
CODE
FIRE
EVACUATION
PLAN
https://youtu.be/dZdpNThfNcg
PLAN 49
Gigaworkz Technologies Inc is a trusted provider and supplier as an IT enterprise with
more suitable solutions to Fire Detection and Alarm System
(FDAS) in the Philippines.
Gigaworkz Technologies Inc, supplier and distributor of Fire Detection Alarm Systems
which are designed for security solutions against emergency fires and flames.
Includes categories of devices such as fire detection systems, fireman telephone systems
with audio for voice evacuation purposes or command center control panels, extinguisher
and clean agent fire suppression, smoke detector tester and fire pump & cabinets.
These world class products from trusted leading brands will help to detect, prevent
and protect ourselves and properties that provides excellence and high quality fire safety
solutions.
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REFERENCES
Insert Image https://www.allaussiefire.com.au/os_services/fire-detection-alarm-syste
m/#:~:text=FIRE%20DETECTION%20AND%20ALARM%20SYSTE
M%20%28FIP%29%20An%20%E2%80%9CAutomatic,a%20fire%2
“
0and%20activates%20connected%20systems%20and%20functions
.
https://www.ryanfp.com/fire-alarm-system-history-technology/#:~:text=
By%20the%20late%201800s%2C%20the%20electric%20fire%20alar
m,did%20the%20technology%20of%20the%20fire%20alarm%20syst
em
.
https://www.nttinc.com/blog/basic-components-fire-detection-alarm-sys
tem/
https://www.boydsecurity.com/fire-alarm-systems-major-benefits-and-a
dvantages/
https://blog.koorsen.com/how-does-a-fire-alarm-system-work
https://www.wsfp.com/blog/what-are-the-basic-components-of-fire-alar
m-detection-systems/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoke_detector
http://www.firealarm.ph/about-us/ https://youtu.be/M5ViHlIKljs
REFS 51