Haloalkenes and haloarenes are hydrocarbons where one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by halogen atoms. Haloalkenes are derived from alkanes and contain halogen atoms attached to sp3 hybridized carbons, while haloarenes are derived from aromatic hydrocarbons and contain halogen atoms attached to sp2 hybridized carbons. These compounds can be classified based on the number of halogen atoms and type of carbon they are attached to. They have many applications as solvents and in medicines, but some can be environmental pollutants.
Haloalkenes and haloarenes are hydrocarbons where one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by halogen atoms. Haloalkenes are derived from alkanes and contain halogen atoms attached to sp3 hybridized carbons, while haloarenes are derived from aromatic hydrocarbons and contain halogen atoms attached to sp2 hybridized carbons. These compounds can be classified based on the number of halogen atoms and type of carbon they are attached to. They have many applications as solvents and in medicines, but some can be environmental pollutants.
Haloalkenes and haloarenes are hydrocarbons where one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by halogen atoms. Haloalkenes are derived from alkanes and contain halogen atoms attached to sp3 hybridized carbons, while haloarenes are derived from aromatic hydrocarbons and contain halogen atoms attached to sp2 hybridized carbons. These compounds can be classified based on the number of halogen atoms and type of carbon they are attached to. They have many applications as solvents and in medicines, but some can be environmental pollutants.
Haloalkenes and haloarenes are hydrocarbons where one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by halogen atoms. Haloalkenes are derived from alkanes and contain halogen atoms attached to sp3 hybridized carbons, while haloarenes are derived from aromatic hydrocarbons and contain halogen atoms attached to sp2 hybridized carbons. These compounds can be classified based on the number of halogen atoms and type of carbon they are attached to. They have many applications as solvents and in medicines, but some can be environmental pollutants.
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HALOALKENES AND HALOARENES
By Amishee Sood What are Haloalkenes and Haloarenes? Haloalkanes and haloarenes are the hydrocarbons in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced with halogen atoms (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine). The primary difference between haloalkanes and haloarenes is that haloalkanes are derived from open- chain hydrocarbons (alkanes) whereas haloarenes are derived from aromatic hydrocarbons (Methylbenzene, Naphthalene, Phenanthrene, Trinitrotoluene, and o- dihydroxybenzene). Overview of Haloalkenes and Haloarenes Haloalkanes are commonly referred to as alkyl halides whereas haloarenes are commonly referred to as aryl halides. These compounds can contain multiple halogen atoms, as illustrated below.
Generally, the halogens are attached to sp 3 hybridized carbon atoms in these compounds. The presence of halogens makes haloalkanes and haloarenes more chemically reactive than the parent alkanes and aromatic compounds. These compounds have many medicinal uses as well. Classification of Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
Alkyl halides and aryl halides can be classified based on the
following parameters: Number of halogen atoms in the molecule sp3 hybridized carbon-halogen bond. sp2 hybridized carbon-halogen bond. Monohaloalkanes and Contain 1 halogen atom Monohaloarenes Classification based on the Dihaloalkanes and Dihaloarenes 2 halogen atoms are attached number of halogen atoms. Trihaloalkanes and Trihaloarenes Contain 3 halogen atoms
Alkyl Halide Halogen is attached to an alkyl
Haloalkanes and haloarenes in chain. which the halogen is attached to Allylic Halide The halogen atom is attached to an sp3 hybridized carbon. an sp3 hybridized carbon which is adjacent to C=C (double bond or sp2 hybridized carbon) Benzylic Halide The halogen is attached to an sp3 hybridized carbon which is attached to a benzene ring Vinyl Halide The halogen atom is attached to Compounds in which the halogen C=C (sp2 hybridized carbon). is attached to a sp2 hybridized Aryl Halide The halogen is attached to a carbon sp2 hybridized carbon which belongs to an aromatic ring. Uses of Haloalkanes and Haloarenes Some important applications of these compounds are listed below. These organic compounds can dissolve non-polar compounds and are therefore used as solvents. Many derivatives of alkyl and aryl halides are used in medicine. One such example is the compound chloramphenicol, which is used to treat cases of typhoid. Another example is chloroquine, which is very useful in the treatment of malaria. They are also used as insecticides (DDT). Some haloalkanes and haloarenes have adverse effects on the environment and are labelled as pollutants. One such example is chlorofluorocarbons (or CFCs), which lead to the depletion of the ozone layer which protects the Earth from the harmful radiation coming from the sun.
