The Controversies and Conflicts in Philippine History: One Past But

One Past but Many HISTORIES
The Controversies and Conflicts in

Philippine History
Site of the First Mass
The Cavite Mutiny
The Retraction of Jose Rizal
The Cry of Balintawak or
Pugadlawin
The Site of the First
Mass
Site of the First Mass
Limasawa island in southern city, not Butuan City in Agusan del Norte, is the site of
the first easter Sunday mass held in 1521 following the discovery of the Philippines by
Ferdinand Magellan, according to the national historical commission of the
Philippine(NHCP).
The earlier recorded mass in the Philippine territory was held in limasawa on March
31, 1521. It was officiated by Fr. Pedro de Valderrama, Chaplian of the Magellan-Elcano
expedition. That day in the roman catholic calendar was easter Sunday.
question
1.Why is it important to know where is the first mass in the Philippine was
held?
2.Why limasawa is the First mass site?
3.Why is it called limasawa?
4.What is the history of Limasawa?
5.What is the site of the first catholic mass all about?

Masau or mazaua
A little island port
“A brilliant light and crystal clear”

EVIDENCES
1.The name of the Place
2.The route from Homonhon
3.The latitude position
4.The route to Cebu
5.The geographical features
a. The bonfire
b. The balanghai
c. Abundance of gold
THE CAVITE
MUTINY
mutiny
An open rebellion against the proper authorities especially by soldiers or
sailor against their officers
A major factor of awakening the filipinos nationalism
 January 20,1872 in Fort, San Felipe
General-Governor Rafael de Izquierdo
Fernando La Madrid
4 version of mutiny
1.The Jose Montero Y Vidal

2.Governor - General Rafael Izquierdo
3.The Trinidad Pardo de Tavera
4.The Edmunde / Edmund Plauchut
The Jose Montero y Vidal version
 JOSE ANTONION JULIAN MONTERO y VIDAL
 (born)January 28,1851 at Andalusian town of Gergal
 He was Spanish writer and political
According to him
The event was premeditated and the primary instigator
were the three priest.
He emphasized
All filipinos accused, executed and exiled were truly
guilty and that all deserved their sentenced.
The governor-general Rafael de izquierdo version
 Rafael Geronimo Cayetano Izquierdo y Gutierrez
 30 September 1820 – 9 November 1883
 He was a Spanish militar officer,politician,and statesman
 He served as Governor-General of the Philippines from 4 April 1871 to 8

January 1873. He was famous for his use of "Iron Fist" type of
government, contradicting the liberal government of his predecessor,
Carlos María de la Torre y Navacerrada.
 According to governor-general Rafael Izquidero y Gutierrez, the

governor of the Philippine Islands at the time, the mutiny was hatched by
a group of native Filipino priests, several mestizos, and lawyers who
were fighting against the crimes and abuses experienced by Filipinos
under the Spanish regime.
The Trinidad Pardo de Tavera Version
 Trinidad Hermenegildo Jose Maria Juan Francisco Pardo DE
Tavera y Gorricho
 (born)April 13, 1857---(died)March 26, 1952
 Was a Filipino physician, historian and politician of Spanish

and portaguese descent.
 According to him the mutiny simply started as a rally

organized by the workers of the arsenal pushing for the
acquisition of sufficient resources as well as reforms in the
educational system in the Philippines.
The Edmunde/Edmund Plauchut Version
 (born) January 7, 1824—(died) January 30, 1909
 He was a French journalist, writer, traveler and close friend of

novelist George Sand and her son Maurice Sand
 Following a brief journalistic career in Angoulême, Plauchut left

France in 1850 to join French trade operations in Manila,
Philippines.
 according to him the mutiny’s cause was governor-general

Rafael Izquidero y Gutierrez’s exacting of personal taxes from
the soldiers and workers as well as his imposition of forced labor
on them.
Fernando La Madrid and Jerel brent Senior
the mutiny did not succeed n
Arrest of the mutineers
 three Filipino priests known by the acronym

Gomburza
Execution of the Gomburza

THE
RETRACTIO
N OF JOSE
RIZAL
What is really the truth behind this
controversy?
1. Rizal's Doubts on the Catholic Church
 The publication of Rizal's two novels, the Noli Me Tangere and the El Filibusterismo ,
made Rizal a target of the ire and persecution of the friars.
 The Argument on Man's Salvation

-Man is not a necessary part of creation. but an accident of it.
Fr. Pablo Ramon and Fr. Federico Faura tried to bring Rizal back to what to them was "the right
path."
Fr. Obach several strings attached to the offer for Rizal to stay in the mission house
1.Rizal must retract publicly his "errors" on religion.
2.He must observe the religious practices of the Church and make a general avowal of his past.
3.He must conduct himself in an exemplary manner when it comes to religion and to Spain.
 Retana wrote that Rizal refused to believe the arguments of Fr. Sanchez by saying that he
no longer believe in the Eucharistic and ritual of the Catholic faith.
 Retana wrote of this episode in the life of Rizal: "Rizal remained an impenitent free
thinker despite the attacks and condemnation of society.
2. The Beginning of the Retraction Controversy
When and how did this controversy on the retraction of Rizal start?
-it started with the publication of Retana on claiming that he had the retraction document
of Rizal.
3. Analyzing the Retraction Issue
 Are the Jesuits telling the truth about the retraction document of Rizal? If it is true that they have an
original retraction document, why did it take them so long before they revealed about it?
- Fr. Balaguer use in convincing Rizal to retract? The simple threat of condemnation to hell!
 Rizal turned his back on the Catholic Church but he never turned away from God
-because he believe that the God he knew was a loving and forgiving God.
 Miguel de Unamuno, classmate of Rizal said that the authenticity of the retraction document which Fr.
Balaguer claimed was done by Rizal was doubtful.
 Laubach wrote of the Rizal retraction:

- "Father Balaguer did what Spanish friars did in his day, framed a story so as to discredit a
Filipino, and incidentally to give himself, a Spaniard, credit for a marvelous conversion."
 A perusal of the three retraction documents is necessary to give the student of history a chance to make
their own analysis of this controversial issue.
The Cry of Balintawak or
Cry of Pugadlawin
Where and When?
How and When?
 Balintawak had always been the site for the cry recognized by the historians and students.
 Teodore Agoncillo stirred the controversy when he said that the event actually happened on
August 23 1896, not August 26
 The site was Pugadlawin not Balintawak
 There are five dates and places which are cited as the actual place where this event happened.
These are August 20, 23, 24, 25 and 26 and the places are Balintawak, Pugad lawin, Kangkong,
Bahay Toro and Pasong Tamo.
QUESTION
WHERE DID AGONCILLO BASE HIS CLAIM
THAT THE CRY HAPPENED ON AUGUST 23
1896 AND IN PUGADLAWIN?
 Agoncillo’s claim that the Cry happened in Pugadlawin on August 23,
1896 was based on Pio Valenzuela’s account.
 Arturo Valenzuela, in his unpublished work which was based largely on his
grandfather’s memoirs elaborated that the First Cry of Balintawak was held
on August 23 in the backyard of Tandang Sora’s house.
The late historian, PEDRO GAGELONIA
wrote:
The controversy among the historians continues to the present
day. The 'Cry of Pugad Lawin' (August 23, 1896) cannot be
accepted as historically accurate. It lacks positive
documentation and supporting evidence from eyewitnesses. The
testimony of only one eyewitness (Dr.Pio Valenzuela) is not
enough to authenticate and verify controversial issue in history.
Historians and their living participants, not politicians and their
sycophants, should settle this controversy.
QUESTION
Why was Valenzuela's account of the "Cry" doubted by historians like
Gagelonia despite the fact that the renown historian Teodoro Agoncillo
referred to him as the "most credible authority on the issue citing his being
educated and a close friend of Bonifacio as well as his possession of
retentive memory, the degree of his involvement in the event, and his
narrative ability, three factors which are important in historical recollection?
Simply because in many instances when Valenzuela was interviewed he

gave conflicting statements on this significant event of 1896.
In the account of the Filipino revolution by Antonio Mendoza
Guevarra, referred to as Matatag.
August 25, 1896. This day two companies of Guardias Civiles, one of
artillery and the other of infantry, scaled the hill, coming upon us in the
area called Pasong Tamo.
Other accounts of the "Cry" included the following: General Guillermo
Masangkay stated that it was August 26, 1896; Lt. Olegario Diaz,
recalled the event as having happened on August 24, 1896; Gregoria de
Jesus, Bonifacio's widow in her memoirs stated that the "Cry"
happened on August 25, 1896 in Pasong Tamo (Caloocan not Makati);
Santiago Alvarez, a katipunero from Cavite, referred to the event as
having taken place on August 25, 1896 in Bahay Toro which was also
in Caloocan.
Zafra in 1960 made a review of the literature related to the 'cry' from1896 to 1956 which
revealed the following:
Year Published Author Place Date of Cry
1896 Olegrio Diaz Balintawak 25 Aug 1896
1911 Manuel Artigas y Cuerva Balintawak 20 Aug
1925 Teodoro M. Kalaw Kangkong in Bakintawak Last Week of August
1926 Leandro Fernandez Balintawak 20 Aug

1927 Santiago Alvarez Bahay Toro 24 Aug
1932 Guillermo Masangkay Balintawak 26 Aug
1948 Pio Valenzuela Pugadlawin 23 Aug
1954 Conrado Benitez Kangkong 20 Aug
1954 Gregorio F. Zaide Balintawak 26 Aug
1956 Teodoro A. Agoncillo Pugad Lawin 23 Aug
As can be gleaned from the above data, there were several dates and places
mentioned in the works of the above-mentioned authors related to the "cry".
Government issued policies that changed the date of the "Cry“
commemoration from "24 August 1896" to 26 1897, "26 August 1896" in
1911, and to "23 August 1896 in 1963.
 Still on this controversy, Adrian Cristobal
The official dating and placing of the revolutionary "cry"- 23 August 1896 in
Pugad Lawin
The "more accurate time and place" was 24 August 1896 at the barn of
Melchora Aquino, a.k.a Tandang Sora
THANK YOU
AND
GOD BLESS

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One Past but Many HISTORIES

The Controversies and Conflicts in

2.Why limasawa is the First mass site?

3.Why is it called limasawa?

4.What is the history of Limasawa?

5.What is the site of the first catholic mass all about?

“A brilliant light and crystal clear”

A major factor of awakening the filipinos nationalism

 January 20,1872 in Fort, San Felipe

General-Governor Rafael de Izquierdo

1.The Jose Montero Y Vidal

 (born)January 28,1851 at Andalusian town of Gergal

 He was Spanish writer and political

 30 September 1820 – 9 November 1883

 He was a Spanish militar officer,politician,and statesman

 He served as Governor-General of the Philippines from 4 April 1871 to 8

 According to governor-general Rafael Izquidero y Gutierrez, the

 (born)April 13, 1857---(died)March 26, 1952

 Was a Filipino physician, historian and politician of Spanish

 According to him the mutiny simply started as a rally

 He was a French journalist, writer, traveler and close friend of

 Following a brief journalistic career in Angoulême, Plauchut left

 according to him the mutiny’s cause was governor-general

the mutiny did not succeed n

Arrest of the mutineers

 three Filipino priests known by the acronym

Execution of the Gomburza

 The Argument on Man's Salvation

2. The Beginning of the Retraction Controversy

 Laubach wrote of the Rizal retraction:

Simply because in many instances when Valenzuela was interviewed he

1926 Leandro Fernandez Balintawak 20 Aug

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