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    Pr2 q1w2l2 - PPT - Research Variables

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    Merlanie Magana
    A variable is a measurable characteristic that can assume different values. There are two main types of variables: discrete and continuous. Discrete variables can only take on countable values like number of errors in a book. Continuous variables can take any value within a range, like a person's height. Research also distinguishes between independent and dependent variables. The independent variable is the one being manipulated in an experiment, while the dependent variable is the outcome being observed for changes caused by the independent variable, like how sleep time (independent variable) affects test scores (dependent variable).

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    Pr2 q1w2l2 - PPT - Research Variables

    Uploaded by

    Merlanie Magana
    58 views18 pages
    A variable is a measurable characteristic that can assume different values. There are two main types of variables: discrete and continuous. Discrete variables can only take on countable values like number of errors in a book. Continuous variables can take any value within a range, like a person's height. Research also distinguishes between independent and dependent variables. The independent variable is the one being manipulated in an experiment, while the dependent variable is the outcome being observed for changes caused by the independent variable, like how sleep time (independent variable) affects test scores (dependent variable).

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    Pr2 q1w2l2 - Ppt - Research Variables

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    A variable is a measurable characteristic that can assume different values. There are two main types of variables: discrete and continuous. Discrete variables can only take on countable values like number of errors in a book. Continuous variables can take any value within a range, like a person's height. Research also distinguishes between independent and dependent variables. The independent variable is the one being manipulated in an experiment, while the dependent variable is the outcome being observed for changes caused by the independent variable, like how sleep time (independent variable) affects test scores (dependent variable).

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    58 views18 pages

    Pr2 q1w2l2 - PPT - Research Variables

    Uploaded by

    Merlanie Magana
    A variable is a measurable characteristic that can assume different values. There are two main types of variables: discrete and continuous. Discrete variables can only take on countable values like number of errors in a book. Continuous variables can take any value within a range, like a person's height. Research also distinguishes between independent and dependent variables. The independent variable is the one being manipulated in an experiment, while the dependent variable is the outcome being observed for changes caused by the independent variable, like how sleep time (independent variable) affects test scores (dependent variable).

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    Research Variables

    Quarter 1, Module 2
    VARIABLES
    A variable is considered as a central concept in
    research. It is a measurable characteristic that
    changes in value. It may vary from one group to
    another group, one person to another, or even with
    the same person overtime. A variable is anything
    that may assume varied numerical or categorical
    values.
    VARIABLE CAN BE…

    SEX IQ
    (female or male) LEVEL

    SOCIOECONOMIC
    AGE STATUS
    KINDS OF VARIABLE

     Discrete & Continuous Variable


     Independent and Dependent Variables
    DISCRETE
    VARIABLE
    Discrete Variable
    A discrete variable is a type of statistical variable that can
    assume only fixed number of distinct values and lacks an
    inherent order. This is also known as a categorical variable,
    because it has separate, invisible categories.

    Examples of Discrete Variable


    1. Number of printing mistakes in a book
    2. Number of road accidents in Metro Manila
    3. Classroom attendance
    Discrete data key characteristics:
    ❖ You can count the data. It is usually units counted in whole numbers.
    ❖ The values cannot be divided into smaller pieces and add additional meaning.
    ❖ You cannot measure the data. By nature, discrete data cannot be measured at all.
    For example, you can measure your weight with the help of a scale. So, your
    weight is not
    a discrete data.
    ❖ It has a limited number of possible values e.g. days of the month.
    ❖ Discrete data is graphically displayed by a bar graph
    CONTINUOUS
    VARIABLE
    Continuous Variable
    A continuous variable is one that is defined over an interval of
    values, meaning that it can suppose any values in between the
    minimum and maximum value. It can be understood as the
    function for the interval and for each function, the range for the
    variable may vary.

    Examples of Continuous Variable


    1. Height of a person
    2. Age of a person
    Continuous data key characteristics:
    ❖ In general, continuous variables are not counted.
    ❖ The values can be subdivided into smaller and smaller
    pieces and they have additional meaning.
    ❖ The continuous data is measurable.
    ❖ It has an infinite number of possible values within an interval.
    Key Differences Between
    Discrete and Continuous
    Variable
    The difference between discrete and continuous variable can be drawn
    clearly on the following grounds:

    ❖ The statistical variable that assumes a finite set of data and a


    countable number of values, then it is called as a discrete variable. As
    against this, the quantitative variable which takes on an infinite set of
    data and a uncountable number of values is known as a continuous
    variable.
    ❖ For non-overlapping or otherwise known as mutually inclusive
    classification, wherein the both the class limit are included, is
    applicable for the discrete variable. On the
    contrary, for overlapping or say mutually exclusive classification,
    wherein the upper class-limit is excluded, is applicable for a
    continuous variable.
    ❖ In discrete variable, the range of specified number is complete,
    which is not in the case of a continuous variable.
    ❖ Discrete variables are the variables, wherein the values can be
    obtained by counting. On the other hand, Continuous variables are the
    random variables that measure something.
    ❖ Discrete variable assumes independent values whereas continuous
    variable assumes any value in a given range or continuum.
    ❖ A discrete variable can be graphically represented by isolated
    points. Unlike, a continuous variable which can be indicated on the
    graph with the help of connected points.
    BASIS FOR COMPARISON DISCRETE CONTINUOUS VARIABLE
    VARIABLE

    The variable which assumes a The variable which


    Meaning finite number of isolated values assumes an infinite number
    of different values

    Range of
    specified number Complete Incomplete

    Values are obtained by Values are obtained by


    Values counting. measuring

    Classification Non-overlapping Overlapping

    Distinct or Any value between the two


    Assumes separate values values
    Both discrete and continuous variable can be qualitative and quantitative. However, these two
    statistical terms are diametrically opposite to one another in the sense that the discrete variable
    is the variable with the well-defined number of permitted values whereas a continuous variable
    is a variable that can contain all the possible values between two numbers
    Independent
    and Dependent
    Variable
    An independent variable (sometimes called an experimental
    or predictor variable) is a variable that is being manipulated
    in an experiment in order to observe the effect this has on a
    dependent variable (sometimes called an outcome variable).
    Remember the dependent variable is the one affected by a
    change in the independent variable.

    Example: How long you sleep (independent variable) affects your


    test score (dependent variable).
    Remember 3 Things

    1. Think of an independent variable as a cause that produces an effect.

    2. Treat the dependent variable as an outcome.

    3. Remember that a dependent variable can’t change an independent variable.

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