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    Mechanical Design of Overhead Lines

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    Takawira
    The document discusses corona in overhead transmission lines. Corona is the phenomenon of violet glow, hissing noise and ozone gas production that occurs when the voltage across conductors exceeds a critical disruptive voltage. Corona is affected by factors like the atmosphere, conductor size and spacing, and voltage magnitude. Methods to reduce corona include increasing conductor size and spacing, which raise the voltage required for corona to occur. Corona has disadvantages like energy loss and ozone production that can cause corrosion, but also has advantages like increasing the effective diameter of conductors.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Mechanical Design of Overhead Lines

    Uploaded by

    Takawira
    29 views22 pages
    The document discusses corona in overhead transmission lines. Corona is the phenomenon of violet glow, hissing noise and ozone gas production that occurs when the voltage across conductors exceeds a critical disruptive voltage. Corona is affected by factors like the atmosphere, conductor size and spacing, and voltage magnitude. Methods to reduce corona include increasing conductor size and spacing, which raise the voltage required for corona to occur. Corona has disadvantages like energy loss and ozone production that can cause corrosion, but also has advantages like increasing the effective diameter of conductors.

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    Corona_Effect

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    The document discusses corona in overhead transmission lines. Corona is the phenomenon of violet glow, hissing noise and ozone gas production that occurs when the voltage across conductors exceeds a critical disruptive voltage. Corona is affected by factors like the atmosphere, conductor size and spacing, and voltage magnitude. Methods to reduce corona include increasing conductor size and spacing, which raise the voltage required for corona to occur. Corona has disadvantages like energy loss and ozone production that can cause corrosion, but also has advantages like increasing the effective diameter of conductors.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    29 views22 pages

    Mechanical Design of Overhead Lines

    Uploaded by

    Takawira
    The document discusses corona in overhead transmission lines. Corona is the phenomenon of violet glow, hissing noise and ozone gas production that occurs when the voltage across conductors exceeds a critical disruptive voltage. Corona is affected by factors like the atmosphere, conductor size and spacing, and voltage magnitude. Methods to reduce corona include increasing conductor size and spacing, which raise the voltage required for corona to occur. Corona has disadvantages like energy loss and ozone production that can cause corrosion, but also has advantages like increasing the effective diameter of conductors.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    Mechanical Design of

    Overhead Lines
    Mechanical Design of
    Overhead Lines
    Corona
    Mechanical Design of
    Overhead Lines
    Corona
    What is Corona?
    Definition:
    The phenomenon of violet glow, hissing noise and production of ozone
    gas in an overhead transmission line is known as corona.

    • Corona Effect has an impact on the design of an overhead


    transmission line, hence the need to study it.
    Mechanical Design of
    Overhead Lines
    Corona
    Background
    • When an AC voltage is applied across two conductors whose spacing
    is large as compared to their diameters, there is no apparent change in
    the condition of atmospheric air surrounding the wires if the applied
    voltage is low.
    • However, when the applied voltage exceeds a certain value, called
    critical disruptive voltage, the conductors are surrounded by a faint
    violet glow called corona.
    Mechanical Design of
    Overhead Lines
    Corona
    • The phenomenon of corona is accompanied by a hissing sound,
    production of ozone, power loss and radio interference.
    • The higher the voltage is raised, the larger and higher the luminous
    envelope becomes, and greater are the sound, the power loss and the
    radio noise.
    • If the applied voltage is increased to breakdown value, a flash-over
    will occur between the conductors due to the breakdown of air
    insulation.
    Mechanical Design of
    Overhead Lines
    Corona
    • State of conductor surface has a bearing to corona
    • For polished and smooth conductors, the corona glow will be uniform
    throughout the length of the conductors.
    • For conductors with rough surfaces, rough points will appear brighter.
    • With d.c. voltage, there is difference in the appearance of the two
    wires.
    • The positive wire has uniform glow about it, while the negative
    conductor has spotty glow.
    Mechanical Design of
    Overhead Lines
    Corona
    Theory of corona formation.
    • Localized Avalanche Breakdown phenomena best understood using
    QM
    • Discuss
    Mechanical Design of
    Overhead Lines
    Corona
    Factors Affecting Corona
    Corona is affected by the physical state of the atmosphere + conditions
    of the line
    (i) Atmosphere.
    Mechanical Design of
    Overhead Lines
    Corona
    Factors Affecting Corona
    Corona is affected by the physical state of the atmosphere + conditions
    of the line
    (i) Atmosphere.
    As corona is due to ionisation of air surrounding the conductors,  it is
    affected by the physical state of atmosphere.
    In the stormy weather, the number of ions is more than normal and as
    such corona occurs at much less voltage as compared with fair weather.
    Mechanical Design of
    Overhead Lines
    Corona
    Factors Affecting Corona
    (ii) Conductor size:
    • Corona Effect depends upon the shape and conditions of the
    conductors.
    • Rough and irregular surface will give rise to more corona. Reason:
    unevenness of the surface decreases the breakdown voltage.
    • Stranded conductor has irregular surface and hence gives rise to more
    corona than a solid conductor.
    Mechanical Design of
    Overhead Lines
    Corona
    Factors Affecting Corona
    (iii) Spacing between conductors.
    • If the spacing between the conductors is made very large compared to
    their diameters, there may not be any corona effect.
    • Reason: larger spacing between conductors reduces the electro-static
    stresses (E=V/d) at the conductor surface, hence avoiding corona
    formation.
    Mechanical Design of
    Overhead Lines
    Corona
    Factors Affecting Corona
    (iv) Magnitude of Line voltage.
    • Low VLL means reduced E, and nothing happens to the air surrounding
    the conductors, hence no corona formation
    • If the line voltage has such a value s.t. electrostatic stresses developed
    at the conductor surface make the air around the conductor
    conducting, then corona is formed.
    Mechanical Design of
    Overhead Lines
    Terminology
    (i) Critical disruptive voltage.
    • Definition: Critical disruptive voltage is the minimum phase-neutral voltage at which
    corona occurs.
    • It is given by

    g0 = breakdown strength of air at 76 cm of mercury and 25ºC, and is =


    30 kV/cm (max) or 21·2 kV/cm (r.m.s.)
    m0 = irregularity factor; 0·92  m0  0·98 : dirty conductors;
    0·8  m0  0·87: stranded conductors; m0 = 1 for polished conductors
    r = radius of conductors; d = phase conductor dpacing;  = air density factor
    • Vc is the phase-neutral potential
    Mechanical Design of
    Overhead Lines
    Terminology
    (ii) Visual critical voltage.
    • Definition: Visual critical voltage is the minimum phase-neutral
    voltage at which corona glow appears all along the line conductors.
    • It is given by

    mV = irregularity factor. mV = 1·0 for polished conductors;


    0·72  mV  0·82 for rough conductors.
    Mechanical Design of
    Overhead Lines
    Terminology
    (iii) Power loss due to corona.
    Corona is always accompanied by energy loss which is dissipated
    in the form of light, heat, sound and chemical action. When disruptive
    voltage is exceeded, the power loss due to corona is given by

    f = frequency of supply
    V = phase-neutral voltage (r.m.s.)
    VC = disruptive voltage (r.m.s.) per phase
    Mechanical Design of
    Overhead Lines
    Advantages and Disadvantages of Corona
    • Corona has many advantages and disadvantages.
    • In the correct design of a high voltage overhead line, a balance should
    be struck between the advantages and disadvantages.
    Advantages
    (i) Due to corona formation, the air surrounding the conductor becomes
    conducting and hence virtual diameter of the conductor is increased. The
    increased diameter reduces the electrostatic stresses between the
    conductors.
    (ii) Corona reduces the effects of transients produced by surges.
    Mechanical Design of
    Overhead Lines
    Disadvantages of Corona
    (i) Corona is accompanied by an energy loss. This affects the
    transmission line efficiency.
    (ii) Ozone is produced by corona and may cause corrosion of the
    conductor due to chemical action.
    (iii) The current drawn by the line due to corona is non-sinusoidal and
    hence non-sinusoidal voltage drop occurs in the line. This may cause
    inductive interference with neighbouring communication lines.
    Mechanical Design of
    Overhead Lines
    Disadvantages of Corona
    • (i) Corona is accompanied by a loss of energy. This affects the
    transmission efficiency of the line.
    Mechanical Design of
    Overhead Lines
    Methods of Reducing Corona Effect
    (i) By increasing conductor size:
    • increasing conductor size, the voltage at which corona occurs is raised
    and hence corona effects are considerably reduced.
    • This is one of the reasons why ACSR conductors which have a larger
    cross-sectional area are used in transmission lines.
    Mechanical Design of
    Overhead Lines
    Methods of Reducing Corona Effect
    (ii) By increasing conductor spacing
    • Increasing the spacing between conductors, the voltage at which
    corona occurs is raised and hence corona effects can be eliminated.
    • There is a limit to increasing spacing; the cost of supporting structure
    can be high
    Mechanical Design of
    Overhead Lines
    Reading Assignment
    Sag in Overhead Lines
    Mechanical Design of
    Overhead Lines

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