EAPP Lesson 1

Learning Competency I :
Differentiates language used in academic texts from various disciplines
Learning Competency I :
At the end of this lesson, the learners are expected to:
1. define academic text;
2. determine text structure of an academic text; and
3. explain the components of the three-part essay structure.
Academic Text
It is defined as critical, objective, specialized texts
written by experts or professionals in a given field
using formal language.
Academic writing, therefore, is generally quite

formal, objective (impersonal) and technical.
*Formal
It is formal by avoiding casual or conversational

language, such as contractions or informal
vocabulary.
*Objective (impersonal)
It is impersonal and objective by avoiding direct

reference to people or feelings, and instead
emphasizing objects, facts and ideas.
*Technical
It is technical by using vocabulary specific to the

discipline.
Some examples of academic writing :
1. Literary Analysis:
A literary analysis essay examines, evaluates, and
makes an argument about a literary work. As its
name suggests, a literary analysis essay goes
beyond mere summarization. It requires careful
close reading of one or multiple texts and often
focuses on a specific characteristic, theme, or motif.
2. Research Paper:
A research paper uses outside information to support a thesis or
make an argument. Research papers are written in all disciplines
and may be evaluative, analytical, or critical in nature. Common
research sources include data, primary sources (e.g., historical
records), and secondary sources (e.g., peer- reviewed scholarly
articles). Writing a research paper involves synthesizing this
external information with your own ideas.
3. Dissertation:
A dissertation (or thesis) is a document
submitted at the conclusion of a Ph.D. program.
The dissertation is a book-length summarization
of the doctoral candidate’s research.
Structure is an important feature of academic
writing. A well-structured text enables the reader
to follow the argument and navigate the text. In
academic writing a clear structure and a logical
flow are imperative to a cohesive text.
Two (2) common structure
of academic text :
1. Three-Part Essay Structure is a basic structure that

consists of introduction, body and conclusion.
2. IMRaD structure are Introduction, Methods, Results and

Discussion.
Three-part essay structure
:
Introduction. Its purpose is to clearly tell the reader the topic, purpose and
structure of the paper. As a rough guide, an introduction might be between 10
and 20 percent of the length of the whole paper and has three main parts:
•A. The most general information, such as background and/or definitions.
•B. The core of the introduction, where you show the overall topic, purpose,
your point of view, hypotheses and/or research questions (depending on what
kind of paper it is).
•C. The most specific information, describing the scope and structure of your
paper.
:
The Body. It develops the question, “What is the topic about?”
It may elaborate directly on the topic sentence by giving definitions,
classifications, explanations, contrasts, examples and evidence. This is
considered as the heart of the essay because it expounds the specific ideas for
the readers to have a better understanding of the topic. It usually is the largest
part of the essay.
Conclusion. The conclusion is closely related to the introduction and is often

described as its ‘mirror image’. This means that if the introduction begins with
general information and ends with specific information, the conclusion moves in the
opposite direction. The conclusion usually begins by briefly summarizing the main
scope or structure of the paper, confirms the topic that was given in the
introduction, ends with a more general statement about how this topic relates to its
context. This may take the form of an evaluation of the importance of the topic,
implications for future research or a recommendation about theory or practice.
IMRAD structure
•The Introduction usually depicts the background of the topic and the central focus
of the study.
•The Methodology lets your readers know your data collection methods, research
instrument employed, sample size and so on.
•Results and Discussion states the brief summary of the key findings or the results
of your study.

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Learning Competency I :

Differentiates language used in academic texts from various disciplines

Academic writing, therefore, is generally quite

It is formal by avoiding casual or conversational

It is impersonal and objective by avoiding direct

It is technical by using vocabulary specific to the

1. Three-Part Essay Structure is a basic structure that

2. IMRaD structure are Introduction, Methods, Results and

Conclusion. The conclusion is closely related to the introduction and is often

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