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    Le Chatheliar Principle - Presentation

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    thanes_kumar
    The document discusses Le Chatelier's principle, which states that if a system at equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, it will shift in order to counteract the change and re-establish equilibrium. It provides examples of how the equilibrium shifts if concentration, temperature, pressure, or volume is changed. Specifically, it will discuss how increasing concentration of products shifts equilibrium left, and increasing temperature favors endothermic reactions by shifting equilibrium right to absorb heat. The document also gives examples of how this principle is applied, such as in the manufacture of ammonia where high pressures favor the reaction.

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    Le Chatheliar Principle - Presentation

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    thanes_kumar
    38 views23 pages
    The document discusses Le Chatelier's principle, which states that if a system at equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, it will shift in order to counteract the change and re-establish equilibrium. It provides examples of how the equilibrium shifts if concentration, temperature, pressure, or volume is changed. Specifically, it will discuss how increasing concentration of products shifts equilibrium left, and increasing temperature favors endothermic reactions by shifting equilibrium right to absorb heat. The document also gives examples of how this principle is applied, such as in the manufacture of ammonia where high pressures favor the reaction.

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    Le Chatheliar Principle - Presentation

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    The document discusses Le Chatelier's principle, which states that if a system at equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, it will shift in order to counteract the change and re-establish equilibrium. It provides examples of how the equilibrium shifts if concentration, temperature, pressure, or volume is changed. Specifically, it will discuss how increasing concentration of products shifts equilibrium left, and increasing temperature favors endothermic reactions by shifting equilibrium right to absorb heat. The document also gives examples of how this principle is applied, such as in the manufacture of ammonia where high pressures favor the reaction.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    38 views23 pages

    Le Chatheliar Principle - Presentation

    Uploaded by

    thanes_kumar
    The document discusses Le Chatelier's principle, which states that if a system at equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, it will shift in order to counteract the change and re-establish equilibrium. It provides examples of how the equilibrium shifts if concentration, temperature, pressure, or volume is changed. Specifically, it will discuss how increasing concentration of products shifts equilibrium left, and increasing temperature favors endothermic reactions by shifting equilibrium right to absorb heat. The document also gives examples of how this principle is applied, such as in the manufacture of ammonia where high pressures favor the reaction.

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    of 23

    WELCOME

    TO
    CHEMISTRY
    WORLD
    12

    LE CHATELIER’S
    PRINCIPLE
    I
    EQUILIBRIUM N
    T
    R
     Basically, systems at equilibrium have constant O
    concentrations of reactants and products and D
    U
    equal opposing rates. C
    T
     If changes are made , then the system may no longer be I
    O
    at equilibrium. N

     For example, if the concentration of one of the components or


    the temperature is changed,
    the system will no longer be at equilibrium.

     If the equilibrium is disturbed in one of these ways,


    the system will tend to re-establish equilibrium by
    forming more or less reactants/products.
    Le Chatelier’s Principle

    “If a chemical system at equilibrium is subjected


    to a change in conditions, the system will adjust
    to re-establish in such a way as to partially
    counteract the imposed change”
    ABOUT THE PRINCIPLE

     In chemistry, the principle is also called


    Le Chatelier-Braun Principle

     It can be used to predict the effect of a change


    in conditions on a chemical equilibrium

     The principle named after Henry Louis Le Chatelier and


    Karl Ferdinand Braun who discovered it independently
    FACTORS AFFECTING
    THE
    LE CHATELIER’S PRINCIPLE
    CONCENTRATION TEMPERATURE

    FACTORS

    PRESSURE / VOLUME CATALYST


    CONCENTRATION
    Le Châtelier’s Principle
     Changes in Concentration

    N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) 2NH3 (g)

    Equilibrium
    shifts left to
    Add
    offset stress NH3
    Le Châtelier’s Principle
     Changes in Concentration
    Remove
    Add Remove
    Add

    aA + bB cC + dD

    Change Shifts the Equilibrium

    Increase concentration of product(s) left


    Decrease concentration of product(s) right
    Increase concentration of reactant(s) right
    Decrease concentration of reactant(s) left

    14.5
    Volume/Pressure
    Le Châtelier’s Principle
     Changes in Volume and Pressure

    A (g) + B (g) C (g)

    Change Shifts the Equilibrium


    Increase pressure Side with fewest moles of gas
    Decrease pressure Side with most moles of gas
    Increase volume Side with most moles of gas
    Decrease volume Side with fewest moles of gas

    14.5
    Temperature
    Le Châtelier’s Principle
     Changes in Temperature

     The effect of changing the temperature of equilibrium systems


    can be predicted from a knowledge of the heats of reactions

     According to the ‘principle', if the temperature of an equilibrium system


    is increased, the system will adjust to re-establish equilibrium in such a
    way
    as to decrease the temperature

     Therefore, in re-establishing equilibrium the of endothermic reaction


    is favoured as this absorbs heat from the surroundings and would tend
    to decrease the temperature

     For exothermic reaction, if the temperature of the equilibrium system


    was reduced, then it would increase the temperature of surroundings
    Le Châtelier’s Principle
     Changes in Temperature

    Change Exothermic Rx Endothermic Rx


    Increase temperature K decreases K increases
    Decrease temperature K increases K decreases

    colder hotter
    14.5
    Catalyst
    Le Châtelier’s Principle
     Presence of catalyst
    * System will achieve equilibrium sooner

    Catalyst

    • Does not change


    • Do not shift the
    equilibrium constant,K
    position of equilibrium
    uncatalyzed catalyzed

    # Ea = activation energy

    Catalyst lowers Ea for both forward and reverse reactions.

    Catalyst does not change equilibrium constant or shift equilibrium.


    APPLICATIONS
    OF
    LE CHATELIER’S
    PRINCIPLE
     The manufacture of Ammonia
     Influence of pressure in manufacture of
    Ammonia

    • Small number of gaseous molecules used to increase the pressure

    • Higher pressures can tend to increase the rate of the reaction

    • In modern, ammonia process plants operate at high pressures


    of about 350 atmopheres
     Contact process
    THANK YOU

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