AlgebraI Part2

MATHEMATICS
ALGEBRA I
“Confidence is fine but overconfidence is dangerous!”
HOW TO PASS/TOP MATH?
SOLVE PAST BOARD QUESTIONS (WHERE
RQS,HOMEWORKS, EXAMS ARE BASED)
 THINK NEXT MONTH TO BE YOUR

BOARD EXAM (November)
 TREAT EVERY EXAM (PET, CET,
DIAGNOSTICS) AS THE BOARD EXAM
 IMAGINE THAT YOU FAILED THE
BOARD EXAM. WHAT WOULD YOU
GIVE THE NEXT TIME AROUND
ALGEBRA I
• QUADRATIC/CUBIC EQUATIONS
• THEORY OF EQUATIONS
• BINOMIAL THEOREM*
• LOGARITHM
• DIOPHANTINE EQUATIONS
LAWS OF NATURAL
NUMBERS
1. LAW OF CLOSURE
a+b , a*b
2. COMMUTATIVE LAW
a+b=b+a
a*b=b*a
3. ASSOCIATIVE LAW
a+(b+c)=(a+b)+c
a(bc) = (ab)c
4 DISTRIBUTIVE LAW
a(b+c) =ab + ac
LAWS OF EQUALITY
1. REFLEXIVE PROPERTY
a=a
2. SYMMETRIC PROPERTY
If a=b, then b=a
3. TRANSITIVE PROPERTY
If a=b and b=c, then a=c
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
Ax  Bx  C  0
2
Sample Problem 1
Find the value of x in the equation
24x^2-5x-1=0?
A. -1/8, 1/3 C. 6, 4
B. -1/3, ¼ D. 8, 3
B  B  4AC
2
x
2A
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
Ax  Bx  C  0
2
Sample Problem 2
The equation whose roots are the reciprocal
of the roots of the equation 2x^2-3x-5=0
is:
A. 3x^2+5x-2=0 C. 5x^2+3x-2=0
B. 2x^2-5x+3=0 D. 5x^2-3x+2=0
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
Ax  Bx  C  0
2
Sample Problem 3
Find the value of k if 4x^2+6x+k
will have equal roots.
A.-2 C. 4
B. 2 D. 9/4
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
Sample Problem 4
Find the value of k in 2x^2-3k^2x=8
—6kx if one root is negative of the
other.
A.-2 C. 2
B. 4 B D. 3
x1  x 2  
A
C
x1  x 2 
A
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
Sample Problem 5
•
Two
• reviewee’s from PERCDC solve a
quadratic equation in x. One student made a
mistake on the coefficient of the linear term
and found the roots to be 1 and 2, while the
other made a mistake in the constant term
and found the roots to be -1 and 2. What
was the correct quadratic equation?
A.x^2-x-2=0 C. x^2-x-1=0
B. x^2+x-1=0 D. x^2-x+2=0
In the equation of the form in
xn  a1xn 1  a2 xn  2  ...  an 1x  an  0

which the coefficient of the first term is 1, the
following relations exist between coefficients and
roots: Sum of roots  a1
Pr oduct of roots  ( 1)n an
Ex. in the equation x3  2x 2  23x  60  0

Sum of roots  a1
2
Pr oduct of roots  ( 1)n an
 ( 1)3 ( 60)
 60
CUBIC EQUATIONS
 Sample Problem 6
Find the sum and product of

roots of the equation
x^3+3x^2+3x+1=0.
A.1,3 C. -1,-3
-1, -3
B.-1,3 D. 1, -3
THEORY OF EQUATIONS
 Remainder Theorem:
If F(x) is divided by (x-r), the remainder is F(r).
 Factor Theorem:
If (x-r) is a factor of F(x), then the remainder
F(r)=0.
THEORY OF EQUATIONS
 Sample Problem 7 (remainder theorem)
The expression (x^4 + ax^3 + 5x^2 + bx

+ 6) when divided by (x - 2) leaves the
remainder 16 and when divided by (x + 1)
leaves the remainder 10. Find the values
of a and b.
A. a = 5, b = 7 C. a = -5, b = 7
B. a = 5, b = -7 D. a = -5, b = -7
THEORY OF EQUATIONS
 Sample Problem 8 (factor theorem)
Find the value of k for which

is a factor of x^3 + 2x^2 – 7x
+k=0
A. -4 C. -68
B. 4 D. 124
BINOMIAL THEOREM
Properties of Binomial Expansion

Expansion of (x+y)^n
Consider: x 5  5x 4 y  10x 3 y 2  10x 2 y 3  5xy 4  y 5
1. The first term in the expansion is x^n.
2.The last term in the expansion is y^n.
3. The sum of exponents in every term is n.
4. The number of terms is (n+1).
5. The exponent of x decreases by 1, term by term from n to 0.
6. The exponent of y increases by 1, term by term from 0 to n.
7. The coefficients of terms equidistant from ends are equal.
Binomial Expansion
Sample Problem 9
Find the sixth term in the expansion of (a + 2b)^8.
A. 1792a3 b5 C. 56a3b5
B. 1792a5b3 D. 448a3b5
r term in (x  y) :
th n
r th term   nCr 1  x n r 1yr 1

Binomial Expansion
Sample Problem 10
Find the term involving x^6 in the

expansion of (x2+1/x)12?
A. 792x^6 C. 1024x^6
B. 924x^6 D. 572x^6
Term involving y in (x  y) :
r n
yr term   nCr  x n r yr
Binomial Expansion
Sample Problem 11
1 12
Find the constant term in (x  2 ) 2
x
A. 465 C. 924
B. 696 D. 1155
r th term in (x  y)n :
r term   nCr 1  x
th n  r  1 r 1
y
Binomial Expansion
Sample Problem 11
What is the middle term of the

expansion of (x  5) ?
2 8
8
A. 43750x 8
C. 45473x
8
B. 44570x 8
D. 43457x
Binomial Expansion
Sample Problem 13
What is the sum of coefficients of the
expansion (2x  1) 20 ?
A.0
0 C. 3
B. 2 D. 4
Sum of Coefficients
Substitute 1 to every variable and simplify.
LOGARITHM
Definition:
y  log a x iff x  a y
Types of Logarithm
1. Common or Briggssian Logarithm
- Using base (10)
2. Natural or Napierian Logarithm

- Using base (e)
Relationship Between Common and

Natural Logarithm:
 
M ln x  log x Where:
M  log10 e
 0.434...
LOGARITHM
Properties of Common logarithm
1. log(xy)  log x  log y 6. a loga x

x
x
2. log  log x  log y log y
y 7. log x y 
3. log x  nlog x
n log x
4. log a a  1 8. log1  0
5. log a a  n
n
LOGARITHM
Properties of Natural Logarithm
1. ln(xy)  ln x  ln y 5. e ln x
x
x
2. ln  ln x  ln y ln y
y 6. ln x y 
3. ln x  nln x
n ln x
4. ln e  1
LOGARITHM
Sample Problem 14
Given: log6 + xlog4 = log4 + log

(32 + 4^x), find the value of x.
A. 2 C. 3
B. 4 D. 5
LOGARITHM
Sample Problem 15
Given: 38.5 to the x power =6.5 to

the x-2 power, solve for the value
of x.
A. 1.20 C. -2.10
B. 2.10 D. -1.20
LOGARITHM
Sample Problem 16
If log 2 = x and log 3 = y, find log

1.2 in terms of x and y.
A. 2x+y-1 C. 2x-y+1
B. 3x+2y-1 D. 2x-3y-1
Diophantine Equation
Sample Problem 17
A man bought 20 chicken for P200.00.

The cocks cost P30.00 each, hens
P15.00 each, and chicks P5.00 each.
How many cocks did he buy?
A. 2 C. 5
B. 13 D. 4
Refresher
1.The ratio of the circumference of any circle
to the diameter of the circle is:
A. an integer
B. an irrational number
C. a rational number
D. a whole number
2. The terms of a sum may be grouped in any
manner without affecting the result. This is known
as:
A. Commutative Law
B. Distributive Law
C. Associative Law
D. Reflexive
3. Find the sum and product of roots of the
3 2
equation. x  2x  23x  60  0
A. -2, 60
B. 2, 17
C. 17, -60
D. 2, 60
4. A basic law in algebra that states that if a=b,
then b=a [ECE Licensure Nov 1999]
A.Reflexive Property
B.Symmetric
C.Transitive Property
D.Closure

5. The value of 1 is equal to
A. 0
B. Indeterminate
C. 1
D. Infinity
6. The process of extracting a root of a number or
equation
A. Evolution
B. Involution
C. Convolution
D. Volition
7. The process of raising to an integral power.
A. Evolution
B. Involution
C. Convolution
D. Volition
8. The sum of the coefficients in the expansion of ( x
+ y – z )^8 is
A. 1
B. 2
C. 5
D. 0
9. The SI supplementary unit for angle is
A. Radian
B. Degrees
C. Gradian
D. Mils
10. To compute the value of n factorial, in symbolic form
(n!); where n is large number, we use a formula:
 2 n   n / e 
n
n! 
A. Diophantine Formula
B. Matheson’s Formula
C. Richardson-Duchman Formula
D. Stirling’s approximation
11. Evaluate the expression ( 1 + i^2)^10 where i is
an imaginary number.
A. 1
B. 0
C. 10
D. -1
12. “Equal volume of all gasses under the same
conditions of temperature and pressure contain the
same number molecules”. This hypothesis is popularly
known as _________________ .
[ ECE Licensure Exam April 05 ]
A. Avogadro’s hypothesis
B. Debye-Sears’ hypothesis
C. Compton’s hypothesis
D. Dalton’s hypothesis
1. B. Irrational – pi
2. C. associative – grouping
3. A. –2, 60
4. B. Symmetric
5. B. Indeterminate
6. A. Evolution – root extraction
7. B. Involution – raising to power
8. A. 1
9. A. Radian
10. D. Stirlings Approximation
11. B. 0
12. A. Avogadro’s Hypothesis

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MATHEMATICS

 THINK NEXT MONTH TO BE YOUR

xn  a1xn 1  a2 xn  2  ...  an 1x  an  0

Ex. in the equation x3  2x 2  23x  60  0

Find the sum and product of

 Sample Problem 7 (remainder theorem)

The expression (x^4 + ax^3 + 5x^2 + bx

Find the value of k for which

Properties of Binomial Expansion

r th term   nCr 1  x n r 1yr 1

Find the term involving x^6 in the

What is the middle term of the

2. Natural or Napierian Logarithm

Relationship Between Common and

Properties of Common logarithm

1. log(xy)  log x  log y 6. a loga x

Properties of Natural Logarithm

Given: log6 + xlog4 = log4 + log

Given: 38.5 to the x power =6.5 to

If log 2 = x and log 3 = y, find log

A man bought 20 chicken for P200.00.

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