SAMPRAPTI OF JWARA FROM

CHARAKA NIDANA IN
CONTEMPORARY CONTEXT
PART 1
MN SAGAR
FIRST YEAR PG
DEPT OF ROGANIDANA
CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION
2. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
3. MYTHOLOGICAL ORIGIN
4. NIRUKTHI
5. DEFINITION
6. SYNONYMS
7. TYPES
8. SAMPRAPTI

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INTRODUCTION

• Jwara is called lord among all the disease because of its power to
afflict body, mind and senses
• it may be a symptom or can occur as an independent disease

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HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
• JWARA IN NON MEDICAL LITERATURE
• ATHARVA VEDA

• Fourth and last veda in hindu literature

• Ayurveda is considered as upanga of atharva veda

• The word “TAKMAN” was reffered to jvara in Atharva veda

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• Jwara was also seen in puranas such as
• Mahabharata

• Agni purana

• Garuda purana

• Brhat samhitha

• kashikanda 5
MYTHOLOGICAL ORIGIN

• Lord Shiva is said to be responsible for the causation of jwara

• Its said that jwara was formed from the niswasa of lord shiva who was
agitated by daksa

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NIRUKTHI

• The word jwara originated from “JYA”

• It means the loss of life

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PRATYATMIKA LINGA
• ज्वर प्रत्यात्मिकं लिङ्गं संतापो देहमानसः । ज्वरेणाविशता भूतं न हि किञ्चिन्न
तप्यते ॥(CH. CHI 3/31)

• The signs and symptoms of jwara

are
• increase in the temperature of the
body
• mental unhappiness

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• In Susrutha samhitha
• स्वेदावरोधः सन्तापः सर्वाङ्गग्रहणं तथा
विकारा युगपद्यस्मिन् ज्वरः स परिकीर्तितः || (सु.उ.39/13)

• Swedhavarodha- obstruction of channels of sweat

• Santhapa - elevated body temperature
• Sarvanga grahana- general body pain

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JWARA PRABHAVA

• संताप: सारुचिस्तृष्णा साङ्गमर्दो हृदि व्यथा । ज्वरप्रभावो, जन्मादौ निधने च

महत्तमः ॥( cha chi 3/26)

• Santhapa - elevated temperature

• aruchi- anorexia
• thrishna- morbid thirst
• angamarda - body pain
• hrid vyatha- discomfort in the region
around heart
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SYNONYMS
• ज्वरो विकारो रोगाश्च व्याधिरातङ्क एव च।
नामपर्यायैर्विविधैरभिधीयते ॥ (ch.chi 3\11)

• synonyms are
• jvara
• vikara
• roga
• vyadhi
• atanaka

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LOCATION

• के वलं समनस्कं चज्वराधिष्ठानमुच्यते

शरीरं, बलकालस्तु निदाने संप्रदर्शितःसंप्रदर्शितः ॥

• The entire body along with mind is the site of manifestation

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JWARA NIDANAM

• मिथ्यातियुक्तै रपि च स्नेहाद्यैः कर्मभिर्नृणाम्

विविधादभिघाताच्च रोगोत्थानात् प्रपाकतः ॥
श्रमात् क्षयादजीर्णाच्च विषात्सात्म्यर्तुपर्ययात् ।
ओषधीपुष्पगन्धाच्च शोकान्नक्ष त्रपीडया ||
अभिचाराभिशापाभ्यां मनोभूताभिशङ्कयाः |
स्रीणामपप्रजातानां प्रजातानां तथाऽहितैः ॥
स्तन्यावतरणे चैव ज्वरो दोषै: प्रवर्तते |(su ut 39/19-22)

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 • VIHARA
• AHARA • Exertion
• Indigestion • Inhalation of smell from plants and
flowers
• Improper conduct by women after
delivery

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 • KALAJA
• IATROGENIC
• Change in habituations and natural
• Improper administration of
features of the season
panchakarma therapy
• due to unfavourable zodiac
• improper delivery in women
consellations

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• SECONDARY FACTORS • AGANTUJA
• Trauma • Due to sorrow
• suppuration /ulceration • effect of witchcraft
• ksaya • wrath of gods
• poison • possession by evil spirits

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TYPES
• Acc to ethiology/karana
• vata
• pitta
• Acc to character jwara is divided
• kapha
into
• vatapittaja
• NIJA -Innate
• vatakaphaja
• AGANTHU-exogenous
• kapha pittaja
• sannipataja
• aganthuja 17
 • Depending on dhatu asraya
• AGANTHUJA JWARA • Rasagata jwara
• Abhighataja-by injury • Rakagata
• Abhicaraja-due to exorcism • Mamsagata
• Abhisangaja-ill attachments eg • Medogata
fear ,anxiety etc • Asthigatha
• Abhisapaja- due to curses • Majjagata
• Sukra gatha
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• Depending on bala of dosa and kala :
• Santata
• Satata
• Anyedushka
• Tritiyaka
• Caturthaka

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POORVAROOPA OF JWARA
• mukhavairasyam
• gurugathrata • romaharsha
• annanabhilasham • sabda sheeta atapa sahatwa
• chakshushoagulathwam asahtwam
• asra agamanam • arochaka
• nidra adhikyam • avipaka
• arathi • dourbalyam
• jrmbha • angamardam
• sramam • sadanam
• bhramam • alasya
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• pralapa • amla lavana katuka priyatha

VATHIKA JWARA

•Excess intake of rooksha ,sheetha and laghu susbstances

•Over administartion of therapies such as
•emesis
•purgation
•asthapana vasti
•vegasandharana
•anxiety
•excessive blood letting
•rathrijagarana
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VATHIKA JWARA LAKSHANA
• lakshanas include
• irregular onset &alleviation
• irregularity in temperature
• shifting or fixed pain in the body • anorexia
• stiffness of jaw • liking towards hot things
• pain in temples • excessive retention of stool and urine
• dysguesia • occurence of fever
• thirst • end of summer season
• dry cough
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PITHAJA JWARA

• Nidanam
• excessive intake of usna, lavana, kshara,katu and ajeerna foods
• intake of meal while suffering from indigestion
• exposure to excessive heat of sun,fire
• Manasika karana such as
• anger
• Irregular diet
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LAKSHANA
• hyper pyrexia
• diarrhoea
• pungent taste in mouth
• thrshna
• inflammation of
• mada
• nose
• occcurence of fever
• mouth
• throat • during autumn(Sarad kala)
• lips • simultaneous manifestation and
• srama
aggravation of fever
• moorcha
• sheetabhipriytha 24

• raktakota
KAPHAJA JWARA

•NIDANA
•Excessive intake of
•snighda
•guru
•madhura
•picchila
•lavana foods
•divasvapnam
•lack of physical excercises
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LAKSHANA
• gurugathratha
• annannabilasham
• slesma prasekam • ushnabhipriyatha
• mukha madhuryam • occurence of fever
• hrilasa • vasanta kala
• nidra adhikyam • whitish discolouration
• stambha • nails
• tandra • eyes
• swasa • skin
• kasa • stool
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• DWANDAJA JWARA • SANNIPATAJA JWARA
• It includes vata pitha,vatha kapha • Simultaneous vitiation of all three
and kapha pittaja jwara dosas
• signs and symptoms pertaining to
both dosha can be found

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VATA PAITHIKA JWARA
• रुक् पर्वणभेदो दाहो रोम्णां प्रहर्षणम्।
कण्ठास्यशोषो वमथुस्तृष्णा मूर्च्छा भ्रमोऽरुचिः
स्वप्ननाशो ऽतिवाग्जृम्भा वातपित्तज्वराकृ तिः| (ch.chi)
Signs and symptoms are
Headache
Pain in fingers and toes
• Burning sensation
• Horripilation
• Dryness of throat and mouth
• Fainting
• Anorexia
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VATA KAPHAJA JWARA

• शीतको गौरवं तन्द्रास्तैमित्यं पर्वणां च रुक् ॥

शिरोग्रहरतिश्यायः कासः स्वेदाप्रवर्तनम् ।
सन्तापो मध्यवेगश्च वातश्लेष्मज्वराकृ तिः ॥(ch.chi )
Signs and symptoms are
Feeling of cold
• Heaviness
• Drowsiness
• Sirograha
• Kasa
• Absence of sweat
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INFLUENZA

Acute respiratory illness

• Clinical features
• Headache
• Fever
• Chills
• Myalgia
• Cough & sour throat

• Ayurvedic view – lakshana of vatakaphaja jwara

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KAPHA PITTAJA JWARA

• मुहुर्दाहो मुहुः शीतं स्वेदस्तम्भो मुहुर्मुहुः ।

मोहः कासोऽरुचिस्तृष्णा श्लेष्मपित्तप्रवर्तनम् ॥
लिप्ततिक्तास्वता तन्द्रा श्लेष्मपित्तज्वराकृ तिः ।
• Signs and symptoms
• Frequent Feeling of burning sensation and cold
• Kasa, aruchi , trishna
• Adhesion and bitterness in mouth
• Tandra

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 TYPHOID
• Typhoid is an acute febrile systemic infection
• Main symptoms
• Myalgia , head ache constipation
• Rose spots- faint, salmon coloured maculopapular rash on trunk and chest
• Splenomegaly
• Anorexia
• Delirium
• Ayurvedic view- dosha dominance in typhoid fever is pitha and kapha along
with vitiation of rakta
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 MEASELES
Measeles or rubeola
• Have two phases – Prodromal &Eruptive
• Signs and symptoms are
• Fever , coryza
• Redness of eye, lacrimation
• Kopliks spot- Small irregular lesion with bluish white centre
• Presence of dusky red maculo papular rashes
• Ayurvedic view- kapha and pitta dosha dominance along with rasa and rakta vitiation

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34
SANNIPATAJA JWARA
• All dosas are involved in sannipathika jwara
• there are 13 types of sannipathika jwara
• the lakshanas when all doshas are equally
involved are • moha (confusion/loss of consciousness)
• kshane daaha (fever) • pralaapa (irrelevant speech)
• kshane sheeta (hypothermia) • kaasa (cough)
• asthi sandhi ruja (arthralgia) • shwaasa (dyspnea)
• shiro ruja (headache) • aruchi (loss of appetite)
• saasrave kalushe rakte lochanam • bhrama (giddiness)
(conjunctivitis)
paridagdha khara sparsha jihwa (dry, discoloration
• sasvanau karnau (tinnitus) of tongue),
• karna ruja (otalgia)
• kantha shookairiva (pharyngitis)
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• tandra (fatigue)
• srastaangata (malaise/weakness)
• kapha yukta rakta shteevanam • kantha kujanam (abnormal respiratory
(hemoptysis) sounds )
• shriaso lothanam (abnormal movements of • shyaava rakta kotha (purpura/peripheral
the head or restlessness) bleeding/cyanosis)
• nidra naasha. (sleeplessness) • mukatwam (loss of voice)
• hridvyatha • srotasaam paaka (inflammation of various
channels of the body)
• sweda mootra purisha chiraat darshanam
(decreased sweating, decreased urine • udara gurutwam (heaviness of abdomen)
output and constipation) • chira paaka of doshas (slowly progressive
• krushatwam naati gaatraanam (edema) pathological process)

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• sannipathika jwara can be co related with number of diseases
• conditions such as
• dengue
• chikungunya
• sepsis/septic shock
• systemic inflammatory response syndrome\multiple organ dysfunction
syndrome

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CHIKUNGUNYA

• mosquito borne viral disease

• Common symptoms are:
• symmetric polyarthropathy
• fever
• rash

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• Fever- Usually high and poorly responsive to antipyretics
• Arthralgia - Acute bilateral symmetrical rheumatic pain.
• painful and swollen, especially inter phalangeal joints, wrists, and ankles
• Head ache
• Maculo-papular rash
• Cutaneous and mucosal symptoms like stomatitis, exfoliative dermatitis
• GI symptoms like anorexia, nausea, vomiting
• ayurvedic view -it may be considered as vathadika sannipatha jwara
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DENGUE FEVER
• Mosquito born viral infections
• clinical features are
• fever
• head ache
• retro orbital pain
• muscle and joint pain
• nausea
• vomitting
• haemorrhagic manifestaion
• leucopenia

AYURVEDIC VIEW- lakhsana of vatadhika sannipatha jwara can be observed 40

MANIFESTATIONS OF JWARA
• Jwara as Poorvaroopa:
• Urusthambha
• Unmada

• Jwara as Lakshana
• Pittaja and Dushta Pratishyaya
• Kshataj Kasa
• Yakrutodar
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• Many Pittaja Vyadhis
• Jwara as Upadrava:
• Vatarakta
• Chhardi
• Prameha
• Shotha
• Kushtha
• Raktapitta
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SAMPRAPTI

मलास्तत्र स्वैः स्वैर्दुष्टाः प्रदूषणै ||

आमाशयं प्रविश्याममनुगम्य पिधाय च |
स्रोतांसि पक्तिस्थानाच्च निरस्य ज्वलनं बहिः ||
सह तेनाभिसर्पन्तस्तपन्तः सकलं वपुः ।
कु र्वन्तो गात्रमत्युष्णं ज्वरं निर्वर्तयन्ति ते || स्त्रोतोविबन्धात्प्रायेण ततः स्वेदो न जायते । (Ah.ni.2/35)

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SAMANYA SAMPRAPTI OF JWARA
specific
SAMANYA DOSA
jwara nidana KOPA NIDANA

DOSHA DUSTI

PRODUCTION OF AMA IN AMASAYA

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 SAMA DOSHA

DOSHA DUSHYA SAMMURCHANA

SROTHO RODHAM OF RASA VAHA AND SWEDAVAHA SROTHAS

DISLOCATION OF AGNI FROM PAKTHI STANA TO OTHER SITES

(JATHARGNI BAHIRGAMAN)

MAKES THE BODY HOT JWARA

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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF FEVER
INFECTIOUS
AGENTS/TOXINS/PYROGENS

STIMULATES MONOCYTES,MACROPHAGES,
ENDOTHELIAL CELLS

RELEASES PYROGENIC CYTOKINES- IL-

1,TNF,IL-6,IFN

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STIMULATES ANTERIOR HYPOTHALAMUS

RESULTS IN ELEVATED THERMOREGULATORY SET POINT

INCREASED HEAT CONSERVATION(VASO CONSTRICTION)

INCREASED HEAT PRODUCTION

FEVER 47
THANK YOU