Japanese Dramaturgy 1

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JAPANESE DRAMATURGY

KABUKI
DRAMATURGY
• It is a traditional Japanese drama
with singing and dancing
performed in highly stylized
manner.
• It has been a major theatrical
form in Japan for four centuries.
• The term "kabuki" originally
suggested the unorthodox and
shocking characters in this form.
• The word is written in three
characters: ka signifying "song", bu
"dance" and ki "skill".
HISTORY OF FORM

• The Kabuki form dates from the early


17th century, when a female dancer
named Okuni, achieved popularity with
parodies of Buddhist prayers.
• She was the first dramatic entertainment
of any importance that was deigned for
the tastes of common people in Japan.
• By the early 18th Century, Kabuki had become
an established art form that was capable of
the serious, dramatic presentation of
genuinely moving situations.
• Kabuki, as the people theatre provided a vivid
commentary or contemporary society.
Actual historical events were transferred to
the stage:
1. Chushingura, was an essentially faithful
dramatization of the famous incident of
1701 – 1703 in which a band of 47 ronin.
2. Bugaku, the dance ceremony of the
imperial court.
3. Noh theatre, both great antiquity, were
long the exclusive domain of the nobility
and the warrior class known as samurai.
• The strongest tie of Kabuki are the Noh and
the joruri, the puppet theatre that developed
during the 17th century.
• Kabuki derived much materials from the Noh.
• It re-established itself by adapting and
parodying kyogen, sketches that provide
comic interludes during Noh performances.
• During this period, a special groups of actors,
called onnagata, emerged to play the female
roles.
The Audience
• Traditionally, a constant interplay
between the actors and the spectators
took place in the Kabuki.
• The actors frequently interrupted the play
to address the crowd, and the latter
responded with appropriate praise or
clapped their hands according to the
formula.
• Kabuki subject matter creates distinctions between the historical play
(jidaimono) and the domestic play (sewamono).
• A Kabuki program generally presents them in that order, separated by
one or two dance plays featuring ghost, courtesans, and other exotic
creatures.
• It ends with a lively dance finale (ogiri shosagoto) wit a large cast.
• Although, the basic purposes of Kabuki are to
entertain and to allow the actors to demonstrate
their skill, there is a didactic element, an ideal
represented by the notion of kanzen-choaku
( reward the virtuous and punished the wicked).
• Thus, the plays often represent conflicts involving
such religious ideas as the as the transitory nature
from the World and the importance of duty, as
well as more general moral sentiments.
At present, regular performances are held at the National Theatre
in Tokyo. The city was also home to the Kabuki Theatre (kabuki-za),
which closed in 2010. An office tower – which includes the theatre
was opened on the site in 2013. Troupes of Kabuki actors also
perform outside Tokyo. At the National Theatre the length of an
average program is about four hours. The theatre stresses the
importance of the play itself, trying to maintain the historical
tradition and to preserve Kabuki as a classical form.
 Nakamura Nakazo I, also called Sakaeya or Hidetsuru,
Japanese Kabuki actor who introduced male roles into the
Kabuki theatre’s dance pieces (shosagoto), which had been
traditionally reserved for female impersonators.
 Namiki Gohei I, playwright of Kabuki kyogen (farces), who
left more than 100 plays written during a 40 year career.
 Onoe Shoruku II, original name, Japanese kabuki actor,
one of the foremost interpreters of the classical plays, who
specialized in female roles.
Thank You!

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