Concept, Examples, Characteristics Types of Stress and Strain
Concept, Examples, Characteristics Types of Stress and Strain
Concept, Examples, Characteristics Types of Stress and Strain
1) Longitudinal stress
3) Hydraulic stress
1) LONGITUDINAL STRESS
When the length of the body changes its length by normal stress that is applied is
known as longitudinal stress
Formula = F/A
Unit : N/m²
Longitudinal stress is categorized into two stress
a) Tensile stress
b) Compressive stress
A) TENSILE STRESS
The force per unit area is defined as tensile stress.
Tensile force is the stretching force acting on the material.
Example: string stretched downward or upward
B) COMPRESSIVE STRESS
When a force is applied on the body the shape of the body changes.
When the compressive stress is applied the length of the body decreases.
Example: string compressed or object is compressed.
2) TANGENTIAL STRESS
The restoring force per unit area developed due to the applied tangential force is
known as tangential stress.
When two equal and opposite deforming forces are applied parallel to the cross-
sectional area of an object, there is relative displacement between the opposite
forces of the body.
T=F/A
Unit=N/m²
3) HYDRAULIC STRESS
Hydraulic stress is the internal restoring force per unit area.
The body develops internal restoring forces that are equal and opposite to the
forces applied by the fluid.
Stress is not physically same as pressure because in pressure the external force per
unit area is considered and in stress internal force per unit area is considered.
EXAMPLES OF STRESS AND STRAIN
Stretching a rubber band creates stress which
produces strain.
In liquids and gases, only deformations that change the volume generate persistent
elastic stress.
Stress that exceeds certain strength limits of the material will result in permanent
deformation (such as plastic flow, fracture, cavitation) or even change its crystal
structure and chemical composition.
Stress may exist in the absence of external forces; such built-in stress is
important, for example, in prestressed concrete and tempered glass.
S3=ΔV/V