Introduction To Artificial Intelligence: Dr. Humera Farooq
Introduction To Artificial Intelligence: Dr. Humera Farooq
Introduction To Artificial Intelligence: Dr. Humera Farooq
Introduction to Artificial
Intelligence
Dr. Humera Farooq
https://sites.google.com/site/humerafarooqcs
[email protected]
Quizzes
10%
Scoring
Asgns
20%
Final
50%
Midterm
20%
Reference books
• Tom Taulli (2019) Artificial Intelligence Basics. A Non-Technical
Introduction-Apress
The next 20 years witnessed steady growth of the field led by the pioneers
appeared in the Dartmouth conference.
Problems:
- Most early systems contain little or no knowledge of their subject matter
Example: Poor performance of earlier machine translation system (Russian ⇔English): “the
spirit is willing but the flesh is weak” was translated to “the vodka is good but the meat is
rotten”.
- Computational Intractability of AI problems
Theory of computational complexity was not developed. Polynomial solvable problems, NP-
completeness, etc
People thought a faster machine could solve any hard problem.
© Tariq 2016 Department of Computer Science | Bahria University 29
History of Artificial Intelligence
AI becomes an AI Adopts Sci.
Birth of AI Reality Check industry Methods Large Data Sets
(1956) (1966–1973) (1980–Present) (1987-Present) (2001–Present)
- Work of the physicist John Hopfield (1982) on using techniques from statistical
mechanics.
- Connectionist models of intelligent systems competitor to the symbolic models
(Newell and Simon) and logicist approach (McCarthy). (complementary approaches
in fact).
- Several revolutions in many fields: pattern recognition, computer vision, robotics…
- Emergence of intelligent agents.
- The work of Allen Newell, John Laird, and Paul Rosenbloom on SOAR (Newell.
1990: Laird el al., 1987) is the best-known example of a complete agent
architecture.
-AI technologies under lie many Internet tools, such as search engines,
recommender systems, and Web site construction systems
-Perhaps the knowledge bottleneck will be solved by learning methods over very
large datasets rather than by hand-coding knowledge.