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Seizure

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Ina Shakina
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26 views

Seizure

Uploaded by

Ina Shakina
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Objectives:

1. Define a seizure and Epilepsy

2. Differentiate a seizure from epilepsy

3. Be able to differentiate types of seizures

4. Review Causes of Seizures

5.
Review nursing responsibilities and priorities during a sei
zure
What is a seizure?
A seizure is an episode of abnormal electrical activity in the brain. A
seizure, just like headache, is a symptom rather than a disease.
What is epilepsy?
Epilepsy is a diagnosis given when a person has two or more
unprovoked seizures
Difference between seizure and epilepsy:

All people with epilepsy have seizures but not all


people with seizures have epilepsy. A seizure is a
symptom of an underlying condition. Epilepsy is a
clinical diagnosis assigned to a patient having
more than two unprovoked seizures.
Types of Seizures:
There are two main categories of seizures: –

1.Generalized Seizures
a.Tonic Clonic Seizures (Grand mal)
b.Absence Seizures (Petit mal)
c.Atonic seizures
d.Clonic seizures
e.Tonic seizures
f.Myoclonic seizures

2.Partial Seizures.
a.Simple partial
b.Complex partial
Tonic Clonic Seizures
(Grand mal)

Signs and symptoms:

1.Sudden LOC
2.Muscle rigidity &
stiffening
3.Jerking movements
4.Shrill cry
5.Incontinence
6.Apnea (pt may turn
blue)
7.Dilated Pupils
Absence seizures

Signs and symptoms

1. Sudden behavioral ar
rest
2.Staring
3.Unresponsiveness
4.Only last for 1-15 se
conds
Atonic Seizures
known as Drop seizures. cause a loss of muscle control which may cause you
to suddenly collpse or fall down.
Clonic Seizures
Associated with repeated or rhythmic jerking
muscle movements
usually affect the neck, face and arms
Tonic Seizures
stiffening of your muscle.
usually affect muscle in your back, arms and legs and may cause
you to fall to the ground.
Myoclonic Seizures
Appear as sudden brief jerks or twitches of your arms and legs.
Simple partial seizures:
Signs and symptoms

1.No alteration or loss of consciousness

2. There could subjective symptoms reported by the patien


ts inabsence of objective signs (smell, sound, taste or vi
sual perception)

3.Pt remains awake and aware, sometimes unable to commu


nicate until the seizure is over
Complex Partial Seizures:

Signs and symptoms

1.Alteration of consciousness (Not complete loss of consciousness)

2. Automatisms: Simple repetitive uncontrollable actions performed


during the seizure.
a.Lip smacking
b.Chewing
c.Picking at clothes, etc

3.Patient has no awareness of what they are doing


4.Patient cannot remember what happened
5.This is the most common seizure by those diagnosed with epilepsy.
Causes of seizures:

1.Trauma
2.Drug overdose
3.Alcohol or drug withdrawal
4.Non-compliance of anti-epileptic medications
5.Stroke
6.Febrile
7. Intracranial processes and increase in intracranial pr
essure.
E.g tumors. A seizure occurring in an adult without any
obvious underlying cause like alcohol, etc should be e
valuated for brain cancer.
8.Infections. E.g. Meningitis
9.Metabolic and electrolyte imbalance. E.g. Uremia and
Hyponatremia
Nursing Responsibilities and
Priorities During Seizures
•Mark the seizure start time.
•If a patient is standing, lay them to the ground and
roll them to the side
•If the patient is in bed, roll them to the side;
•The patient can never swallow their tongue. Never
place anything in patient mouth or try to open their
mouth. This can compromise the airway or cause more
harm to the patient.
•Never hold the patient down or try to stop their
movements. This can cause injury to the patient.
Instead, protect the patient from hitting hard surfaces
with soft puddings like pillows.
• record a video using phone
ABC assessments
Safety:
• Put the side rails up to prevent falls

• Lock the bed of any patient expected to


get seizures. Injuries caused by unlocke
d bed can count against you.
Our Consultant
EEG Responsibility
If patient having seizure during eeg,
Start record video and mark time fit.
Turn patient to lateral position.
administer oxygen 2-3l
if more than 4 minutes inform doctor
for further management
be calm and work smart.
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING

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