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    Introduction To Curriculum: Ms - Sajida Saif M.A.Edu

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    Mahnoor Mahnoor
    This document discusses the definition and types of curriculum. It defines curriculum as all planned learning experiences under the guidance of the school, including both academic subjects and extracurricular activities. The document outlines four types of curriculum: 1) explicit curriculum which is the written academic subjects and goals, 2) implicit curriculum which is the hidden lessons learned from school culture, 3) null curriculum which are concepts intentionally excluded, and 4) extracurriculum which are supplemental programs like athletics. The curriculum is described as a tool for teachers to guide students' learning and achieve educational objectives.

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    Introduction To Curriculum: Ms - Sajida Saif M.A.Edu

    Uploaded by

    Mahnoor Mahnoor
    23 views18 pages
    This document discusses the definition and types of curriculum. It defines curriculum as all planned learning experiences under the guidance of the school, including both academic subjects and extracurricular activities. The document outlines four types of curriculum: 1) explicit curriculum which is the written academic subjects and goals, 2) implicit curriculum which is the hidden lessons learned from school culture, 3) null curriculum which are concepts intentionally excluded, and 4) extracurriculum which are supplemental programs like athletics. The curriculum is described as a tool for teachers to guide students' learning and achieve educational objectives.

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    Curriculum

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    This document discusses the definition and types of curriculum. It defines curriculum as all planned learning experiences under the guidance of the school, including both academic subjects and extracurricular activities. The document outlines four types of curriculum: 1) explicit curriculum which is the written academic subjects and goals, 2) implicit curriculum which is the hidden lessons learned from school culture, 3) null curriculum which are concepts intentionally excluded, and 4) extracurriculum which are supplemental programs like athletics. The curriculum is described as a tool for teachers to guide students' learning and achieve educational objectives.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    23 views18 pages

    Introduction To Curriculum: Ms - Sajida Saif M.A.Edu

    Uploaded by

    Mahnoor Mahnoor
    This document discusses the definition and types of curriculum. It defines curriculum as all planned learning experiences under the guidance of the school, including both academic subjects and extracurricular activities. The document outlines four types of curriculum: 1) explicit curriculum which is the written academic subjects and goals, 2) implicit curriculum which is the hidden lessons learned from school culture, 3) null curriculum which are concepts intentionally excluded, and 4) extracurriculum which are supplemental programs like athletics. The curriculum is described as a tool for teachers to guide students' learning and achieve educational objectives.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    Introduction to Curriculum

    Ms.Sajida Saif
    M.A.Edu
    Elements of Educational Process

    Teacher
    Organizer of activities
    (set out in curriculum)

    Edu. Process Learner


    (for whom activities
    are planned

    Curriculum
    (Binding Force)
    How Do We Define Curriculum?
     Curriculum is that which is taught at school.
     Curriculum is a set of subjects.
     Curriculum is content.
     Curriculum is a sequence of courses.
     Curriculum is a set of performance objectives.
     Curriculum is all planned learning for which the
    school is responsible.
     Curriculum is all the experiences learners have under
    the guidance of the school.
    Introduction

    • According to Bandi & Wales (2005), the most


    common definition derived from the word Latin root,
    which means “racecourse.”
    • Bandi & Wales (2005) also stated that “ for many
    students, the school curriculum is a race to be run, a
    series of obstacles or hurdles (subjects) to be passed
    How this term was used?
    • Scotland 1603: carriage way, road
    • United states 1906: Course of study
    • United states 1940: Plan for learning
    • Indian Department of Edu.2010:Curriculum
    means the planned interaction of pupils with
    instructional content,materials,resources and
    process for evaluating the attainment of
    educational objectives
    Meaning of curriculum
    1. Etymological: “currer”means to run (literally means “to
    run a course”)
    2. Traditional: Mastery over certain types of knowledge &
    skills .
    3. General: The ground which the pupils and the teacher
    cover to reach the goal of education.
    4. Modern: It is a process intended to pupil to live in
    present world and to build the future world in which his
    generation would live.
    • Secondary Education Commission Report:
    • Curriculum is much more than the boundaries by
    academic subjects taught traditionally ,it should
    include the totality of experiences that pupils
    receive through many fold activities that go on in
    school,classrooms,library,labortrary,playgrounds,
    workshops and in numerous informal contacts
    between teacher and pupil.
    • Today school documents, newspaper
    articles, committee reports, and many
    academic textbooks refer to any and all
    subjects offered are prescribed as the
    curriculum of the school.
    Definitions of Curriculum

    Prescriptive definitions Descriptive definitions

    • What ‘ought’ to happen • How things are real in


    • An intended program classroom
    • Expert opinion • All experiences of child for
    • What needs to take place which school is
    in the course of study responsible
    • Curriculum in action
    • learning Experiences
    under guidance of teacher
    Four types of Curriculum
    1. Explicit Curriculum(written Curriculum)
    2. Implicit Curriculum
    3. Null Curriculum
    4. Extra Curriculum (Co-Curriculum)
    1.Explicit curriculum:
    •  Subjects that will be taught, the identified
    "mission" of the school, and the knowledge
    and skills that the school expects successful
    students to acquire.
    • It can be practiced in terms of specific
    observable, measurable learning objectives.
    (observations or practicum work, time on task,
    contact hours etc.)
    2.Implicit Curriculum: 
    • Refers as hidden curriculum.
    • Lessons that arise from the culture of the school
    and the behaviors, attitudes, and expectations that
    characterize that culture
    • A particular ethos that promotes
    • To a great degree the implicit curriculum is
    subjected to less scrutiny than is the explicit
    curriculum. (multiethnic acceptance and cooperation, classroom
    behaviors, school values demonstrated on different
    ocassions,informal talks with students etc.)
    3.Null Curriculum:
    • This aspect of curriculum refers to
    "the options students are not afforded, the
    perspectives they may never know about, much
    less be able to use, the concepts and skills that
    are not a part of their intellectual repertoire" .
    • Topics or perspectives that are specifically
    excluded from the explicit curriculum.
    • (teaching of evolution,sex education)
    Continue……
    • Sometimes the teacher ignores some content or skill, deliberately or
    unknowingly.
    • A teacher may consider some idea unimportant and ignore it. Similarly,
    teacher may avoid detailed description of some topic for the one or
    other reason
    • Sometimes also, the learner fails to learn certain knowledge, skills or
    attitude for various reasons

    • according to Gehrke, Knapp, and Sirotnik (1992)


    a null curriculum is powerful by virtue of its absence (p. 53)
    4.Co-Curriculum:
    • School-sponsored programs that are intended to
    supplement the academic aspect of the school
    experiences.
    • Participation in these activities is purely voluntary and
    does not contribute to grades or credits earned toward
    advancement from one grade to the next .
    • Typically open to all, though participation often
    depends on skill level.
    • (athletics, band, drama, student clubs, honor societies and student
    organizations, social events all fall under the heading of extracurricular
    activities
    • A tool in the hand of the teacher
    through which he can mold the
    students to achieve educational
    goals
    Always welcome

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