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Relevant and
Irrelevant
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One of the sentences
in the text is
irrelevant to the main
idea of the paragraph.
1. The longest-lived creature in the
insect world is the queen termite
(ant). She has been known to live
for over 50 years. During that time,
the queen can lay over 30,000 eggs
each day. So in her 50 years of life, it
is possible for her to give birth to
half a billion children. Some termite
hills can be over six meters high.
2. For many years, all books were written by
hand. Because it took so long to write
one book, there were only a few of them.
Most people could never own a book.
Then sometime between 1450 and 1460,
Johannes Gutenberg got the idea of
carving separate letters and moving them
to make new words. Gutenberg died at
the age of 68. This was the invention of
moveable type. From then on, the
numbers of books printed grew quickly.
3. Some people do not know that the
whale is a mammal just like a
human. Humpback whales will
sometimes leap clear up out of the
water, an act known as breaching. A
humpback whale can weigh thirty
tons and measure 15 meters in
length. So it takes an enormous
amount of energy for a whale to
breach.
4. The largest organ in the human body
is the skin. One of the skin's
functions is to help regulate the
amount of body heat that flows in
and out of the body. Heavy smoking
ages skin very quickly. When it is
cold, we cover the skin with extra
layers of clothing to slow down the
outward flow of heat. When it is hot,
evaporation of sweat cools us down.
5. The largest set of wings on any bird,
more than three meters across, is found
on the albatross. They are so heavy that
it is difficult for the albatross to flap
them in order to take off and fly. Not all
large birds can fly. Albatross often nest
on steep cliffs so that they can simply
fall off into the air. Once they are
airborne, they soar gracefully.
6. Lake Baikal in central Asia is the
deepest lake in the world. In places,
it is 1.5 kilometers deep. The lake
contains about one sixth of the
world's fresh water supply. It
contains over 1200 species of
animals and 500 species of plants.
Many of these plants and animals
are not to be found anywhere else
on earth. The name Baikal comes
from the Mongolian word that
7. Bats are able to maneuver in the dark
even if they are blindfolded.
However, if their ears are taped shut
they cannot find their way. Bats emit
very high pitched sound waves
through their nostrils. The reflection
of these sound waves reaching their
sensitive ears enables bats to avoid
obstacles. In this way they can
capture even very tiny insects. Many
bats prefer to eat fruit than insects.
9. The cheetah, which is found
mostly in Africa and India, is one
of the fastest land animals.
Cheetahs, like leopards, are
covered in spots. They have long
and muscular legs. Cheetahs have
been known to sprint at a speed of
over 60 miles per hour. On a long
distance run, however, a cheetah
can be overtaken by a horse.
10. The elephant is about as heavy as a
land animal can be. The larger an
animal is, the larger the diameter of
its legs. An antelope has slender legs.
A horse's legs are somewhat thicker
and those of an elephant are even
thicker. If the elephant were much
larger, its legs would touch one
another and it wouldn't be able to
move at all. Indian elephants have
smaller ears than African elephants.
Read the following passages and find the
irrelevant sentences in each paragraph.
1. Garfield
(I)Garfield is a comic strip featuring the cat Garfield,
the pet dog Odie, and their socially inept owner Jon
Arbuckle. (II) The main character is Garfield, who is a
lazy, overweight, orange cat. (III) He considers
himself to be more intelligent than humans or dogs.
(IV) He was named Garfield after his grandfather. (V)
He hates Mondays and loves lasagna apparently.
I II III IV V
2. Alfred Hitchcock
(I) With more than fifty feature films Alfred
Hitchcock remains one of the most popular
directors of all time. (II) Hitchcock's films
draw heavily on both fear and fantasy. (III) He
began directing in the United Kingdom. (IV)
They often portray innocent people caught up
in circumstances beyond their understanding.
(V) The movie Rebecca, which evokes the fears
of a young bride, is a good example of this.
I II III IV V
3. Doping
(I) Doping is the use of drugs to try to improve
sports performance. (II) This practice is banned
by sports federations throughout the world.
(III) Athletes need to know which substances
are banned in sport. (IV) The use of drugs
during athletic festivals is evident. (V)
Furthermore, they must make sure that any
product or medication they take does not
contain a prohibited substance.
I II III IV V

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