Wireless Lans and Pans: 01204325: Data Communication and Computer Networks
Wireless Lans and Pans: 01204325: Data Communication and Computer Networks
Wireless Lans and Pans: 01204325: Data Communication and Computer Networks
2
Electromagnetic Spectrum
RF range
3
ISM Bands
Industrial, Scientific, and Medical frequency
bands
Can operate without FCC licenses
Tx output power 1 watt
Eliminate cost and time consuming for licenses
915 MHz* 2.45 GHz 5.8 GHz
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100 MHz 150 MHz
MHz
* Region 2 only
4
Wireless LANs:
IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi)
IEEE 802.11
IEEE Standard for Wireless LANs
Covers both physical and data link layers
6
WLAN Architectures
Basic Service Set (BSS)
Extended Service Set (ESS)
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Basic Service Set (BSS)
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Extended Service Set (ESS)
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IEEE 802.11 Physical Layer
1-2 Mbps 6-54 Mbps 1-11 Mbps 6-54 Mbps 7.2-150 Mbps
2.4 GHz 5 GHz 2.4 GHz 2.4 GHz 2.4, 5 GHz
FHSS OFDM DSSS OFDM OFDM
DSSS DSSS
IR
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IEEE 802.11b/g Channels
See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_WLAN_channels
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IEEE 802.11 MAC Layer
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CSMA/CA Used by 802.11
Basic CSMA/CA not enough
"Hidden Terminal Problem"
A B C
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CSMA/CA With RTS/CTS
A B C D
RTS
CTS
NAV
Data NAV
ACK
NAV
Network Allocation Vector
(Virtual Carrier Sensing)
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IEEE 802.11 and Wi-Fi
IEEE 802.11 provides most of the
standards
A group of vendors who build
wireless equipment formed the Wi-Fi
Alliance
A non-profit organization that tests and
certifies wireless equipment using the
802.11 standards
15
Wireless PANs: Bluetooth
Bluetooth Standard
Wireless Personal Area Network
technology
Designed for connecting devices with
different functionalities:
Telephone, mouse, keyboard, camera, etc.
Standard IEEE 802.15.1
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Bluetooth Piconet
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Bluetooth Scatternet
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Bluetooth Layers
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Bluetooth Communication
Single slave
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Bluetooth Communication
Multiple slaves
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Low-Rate Wireless PANs:
IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE standard for Low-Rate WPAN
(LR-WPAN) applications
Low-to-medium bit rates
Moderate delays without too strict
requirements
Low cost, low energy consumption
Applications
Home automation and security
systems
Smart metering
Wireless data collection
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IEEE 802.15.4 Physical
Operating frequency bands
2.4 GHz
PHY Channels 11-26 5 MHz
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IEEE 802.15.4 MAC
Single channel at any one time
Combines contention-based and schedule-
based schemes
Asymmetric: nodes can assume different
roles
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IEEE 802.15.4 Devices
Full function device (FFD)
Any topology
Network coordinator capable
Talks to any other device
Reduced function device (RFD)
Limited to star topology
Cannot become a network coordinator
Talks only to a network coordinator
Very simple implementation
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IEEE 802.15.4 Topologies
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