Spring and Shock Absorber

SPRING AND
SHOCK ABSORBERS
MUHAMMAD AZIM BIN AZLAN 01DAD21F1002
NUR FATHMA AZZAHRA BINTI MOHD NOOR 01DAD21F1008
MUHAMMAD LUQMANUL HAKIM BIN ZAINAL ARIFFIN
01DAD21F1017
ANDI NUR AWAD ATAULLAH BIN AHMAD 01DAD21F1034
SPRING
1. COIL SPRING
• The coil spring is made of a length of round spring steel rod wound into a coil.
• Coil springs in trucks allow them to ride smoothly when unloaded and once
loaded the spring compresses and becomes stiff.
• This allows the vehicle to bounce less when loaded. Coil spring suspension is
also used high performance cars so that the car can absorb bumps and have low
body roll.
SPRING
Springs or a coil-over suspension are the only factors in ride height. Struts and or
shocks DO NOT AFFECT RIDE HEIGHT only ride quality.

SPRING
ADVANTAGES VS DISADVANTAGES COIL SPRING
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Good for vehicles that are on rough terrain often Not as suited for heavy vehicles as the leaf springs
are, due to the concentration on the vehicle weight
Improve ride quality from reducing the More subject to cracking and breaking under exces-
bounce sive amounts of pressure, especially when it has
slightly corroded
Gives vehicle its height and keeps it off the ground You may need to get other enhancements to ensure
that the coil lasts longer
Lightweight and Low cost – made from
steel and other inexpensive metals
They don’t need any maintenance – you don’t have

to lubricate the coil or take any great care in it for it
to work.
SPRING
2. LEAF SPRING
• These have several flexible steel plates of graduated length, stacked and held
together by clips.
• In operation, the spring bends to absorb road shock. The plated bend and slide
on each other to permit this action.

SPRING
3 TYPES OF LEAFING SPRING
SPRING
ADVANTAGES VS DISADVANTAGES LEAF SPRING
Suitable for vehicles carrying heavy Has many components
loads
Low cost of maintenance Difficult to adjust
Solid and rugged High cost of maintenance
They also control axle damping. The ride comfort isn’t as great be-
cause of the inter-leaf friction be-
tween
each leaf.
The chassis roll can be controlled Over time, the springs tend to lose
more efficiently due to the high rear shape and can sag.
moment center and wide spring base.
3. Torsion Bar
SPRING
• Torsion bar is a straight rod of spring steel, rigidly fastened at one to the vehicle
frame or body.
• The other end attaches to an upper or lower control arm. As the control arm
swings up and down in response to wheel movement, the torsion bar twist to
provide spring action.
• The effective spring rate of the bar is determined by its length, cross section,
shape, material, and manufacturing process.

SPRING
SPRING
ADVANTAGES VS DISADVANTAGES TORSION BAR
soft ride due to the elasticity of the Usually cannot provide a progressive
bar, durability, easy adjustability of spring rate.
ride height, and small profile along
the width of the vehicle. It takes up In most torsion bar systems, ride
less of the vehicle's interior volume height (and therefore many handling
than coil springs. features) may be changed by simply
adjusting bolts that connect the torsion
bars to the steering knuckles.
In most cars with this type of suspension, swapping

torsion bars for a different
spring rate is usually an easy task.
Longitudinal torsion bars extend under

the passenger compartment, cutting into interior
space by raising the floor, while
in transverse systems, torsion bar length
is limited by vehicle width.
SHOCK ABSORBER
A shock absorber or damper is a mechanical or hydraulic device designed to absorb and
Damp shock impulses. It does this by converting the kinetic energy of the shock into another
form of energy (typically heat) which is then dissipated. Most shock absorbers are a form of
Dashpot (a damper which resists motion via viscous friction).
1)A shock absorber is a tubular hydraulic device placed near each wheel to control or dampen
spring oscillations.
2)Movement of the spring then causes the shock absorber to lengthen and shorten
3)The purpose of the hydraulic shock absorber is to dampen spring oscillation. It does not
support the weight of the vehicle

shock absorber function
Shock absorber will adjust its function according to the road surface. The higher the resistance produced
the faster the suspension moves.
Another function of the shock absorber is to ensure that the tire surface always meets the road surface.
The absence of these components can cause driving discomfort. Vehicles are also quite difficult to control
when passing through bumpy and uneven road surfaces.
It is recommended that the shock absorber function be checked every 20,000km of travel, and changed
to a new one every 80,000km of travel.
TYPES OF SHOCK ABSORBER
1) Twin Tube
Also known as a "two-tube" shock absorber, this device consists of two nested cylindrical tubes, an inner tube that is called
the "working tube" or the "pressure tube", and an outer tube called the "reserve tube". At the bottom of the device on the in-
side is a compression valve or base valve. When the piston is forced up or down by bumps in the road, hydraulic fluid moves
between different chambers via small holes or "orifices" in the piston and via the valve, converting the "shock" energy into
heat which must then be dissipated.
2) Mono Tube
- The mono-tube shock absorber is consistently a much longer overall

design than the
twin-tubes, making it difficult to mount in passenger cars designed for
twin-tube shocks.
TYPE OF SHOCK ABSOBERS
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SPRING AND

loaded the spring compresses and becomes stiff.

shocks DO NOT AFFECT RIDE HEIGHT only ride quality.

They don’t need any maintenance – you don’t have

on each other to permit this action.

provide spring action.

shape, material, and manufacturing process.

In most cars with this type of suspension, swapping

Longitudinal torsion bars extend under

support the weight of the vehicle

- The mono-tube shock absorber is consistently a much longer overall

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