CEILING FINISHES

GROUP MEMBERS
SONY RAGHVENDRAM
SAUMYA KATIYAR
SHREYA MAHAUR
RAHUL CHAUHAN
VISHNU KESHARI
 CEILING

• A ceiling is an overhead interior surface that

covers the upper limits of a room.
• Ceilings are one of the most exposed areas of
any room.
• Ceilings can be decorated to taste, and there
are many fine examples of frescoes and
artwork on ceilings especially in religious
buildings.
• A ceiling can also be the upper limit of
a tunnel.
CEILING FINISHES
 SELECTION CRITERIA FOR
CEILING FINISHES

The factor to be considered in the selection of ceiling system

• Type of floor structure
• Appearance
• Durability
• Safety to occupants
• The location of mechanical services/equipment
• Fire resistance
• Economy
• Life span
• Function of the building
• Need for acustic elements
 TYPES OF ARCHITECTURAL CELLING

 Normal Conventional Ceiling  Tray Ceiling

 Vaulted Ceiling  Coffered Ceiling
 Exposed Ceiling  Dome Ceiling
 Beam Ceiling  Shed Ceiling
 Tin Ceiling  Cove Ceiling
 Suspended Ceiling  Barrel Vault Ceiling
 Cathedral Ceiling  Tall/High Ceiling
 Groin V Ceiling
1) Normal Conventional
Ceiling

 A conventional ceiling construction type is

commonly found in homes.
 These ceilings have a standard drywall finish
and are made of lower-cost materials, requiring
easy installation.
 Conventional ceilings are plain and flat.
 For builders on budgets whose goal is
installing a standard, utilitarian ceiling.
 A conventional ceiling consists of a
vertical expanse located 8-feet from the
floor
 Featuring no architectural points of
interest that make this type of ceiling
a focal point.
2) Vaulted Ceiling

 These voluminous expanses also serve

as optical illusions, adding vast amounts
of space to the smallest of rooms by
figuratively “lifting a room up” so it feels
substantially larger.
 Vaulted ceilings rarely follow the roof line,
though they do soar into the air at least
15-feet and feature sloping angles that
may or may not be uniform.
 Vaulted ceilings often expose rafters.
 For architectural focal point of living and
great rooms, vaulted ceilings can currently
be found in every room, including
bathrooms.
3) Exposed Ceiling

 Having decided that you love the

“industrial” trend where every pipe, duct
work section and maybe even electrical
wiring lend a warehouse vibe to any room,
you’re exactly the person seeking a home
with exposed ceilings.
 Renovators love the idea of removing
ceilings that dominate a room so old
beams, trusses and original architectural
elements are exposed.
 These ceilings require matching industrial
or rustic lighting fixtures to complete the
look, but for those seeking a quirky vibe,
hanging a classic chandelier in the midst
of all of that hardware can turn the ceiling
into a work of art.
4) Beam Ceiling

 If you like everything about traditional

architecture, a home with beam ceilings
could find you fixated on those rafters
because they’re just so charming.
 A trend that has come, gone and is now
in vogue again, beam ceilings require
enough room to do the style justice.
 If beams are low, the room can feel
small. Traditionally crafted of wood, new
beam designs include metal and more
exotic materials.
 Versatility is a hallmark of this ceiling:
hammer-beam and boxed-beam styles,
once considered unique, are back,
offering homeowners several choices if
they’ve chosen beam ceilings for their
abodes.
5) Tin Ceiling

 For nostalgia buffs, tin ceilings evoke the

past. Originating in the 1880s, these metal
expanses were originally made of steel and
often hammered into decorative patterns, but
it was the safety features that came with tin
ceilings that made them so popular.
 Back in the day, candles and open-flame
cooking could do serious damage to
traditional ceilings and leave black soot
marks up and down walls. Tin ceilings ended
that.
 Historians say that tin plating offers another
perk: it can keep rust at bay. Today’s tin
ceiling isn’t necessarily silver. Colorful metals
now mean that a homeowner can enjoy more
choices than ever when ordering a tin ceiling.
6) Suspended Ceiling

 Suspended ceilings are also known as dropped

ceilings because they literally drop down in order
to obscure anything that a homeowner would
prefer not to see when looking up.
 This could include cracks, damage, hardware,
piping and elements that can’t be removed.
Usually composed of a metal grid attached to the
ceiling surface by metal wires, suspended ceiling
frames hold decorative tiles that are usually
crafted of plastic.
 The mood of the room can be changed
dramatically by substituting tiles made of
materials like tin, cork or even fiberglass. Original
ceiling height is the determinant of whether or not
a dropped ceiling makes sense.
 Clearance must be around 6.8-feet from the floor
or occupants could wind up feeling closed in or
even claustrophobic.
1.Placing Your Wall Angles 2
1 Make a line between 4–6 in (10–15 cm) down from the tops
Measure the length of each wall in your room. of your walls

3 4
Use a pair of tin snips to cut wall angles to the lengths Screw the wall angles into the studs along the line you drew. 
of your walls
2.Putting in the Grid System
1 2 3
Cut the main runners to fit the length of Use a chalk line or tie strings across Screw an eyelet into every third joist
your room perpendicular to the joists. your room every 4 ft (1.2 m).  along your line. 

4
5 6
Feed a length of wire through each
of the eyelets Hang up the main runners by the wires Install the secondary runners
perpendicular to your mains by
clipping them in place. 
3.Installing the Ceiling Tiles
1 2
Make holes in the tiles for Trim any edge tiles down to size with
any lighting or ductwork a utility knife.
first.

3 4
Cut out a 3⁄8 in (0.95 cm) flange in any cut Lift the tiles through the grid and set
edge of your tiles. them on top of the grid.
7) Cathedral Ceiling

 For purists, differentiating a cathedral ceiling

from a vaulted ceiling comes down to small
details if one is to properly identify either.
 In the case of a cathedral ceiling, one distinct
characteristic is that the ceiling’s center point
is higher than the walls.
 Further, sloping sides are uniform and
conform to the roof shape so the finished
design achieves its design aim.
 According to architectural experts, one of the
best ways to differentiate the two is by
remembering that the secret is in the pitch:
while cathedrals have equal sloping sides
that lie parallel to the roof pitch, that’s not the
case with vaulted cousins that usually have
unequal sides of varying shapes.
8) Tray Ceiling

 Imagine a serving tray suspended upside down

from the ceiling and you understand how this
recessed ceiling style got its name. Builders craft
a regular ceiling and then a recessed inset is
devised that measures at least 6-inches in depth.
 The concept of the tray ceiling came about when
home builders sought ways to add interest to
ceilings that offered the illusion of loftiness. These
recessed elements, usually installed in the middle
of rooms, are by no means standard these days!
 Creatively-shaped trays, the addition of
decorative molding and special effects produce
one-of-a-kind tray ceilings in rooms that need an
imaginative focal point that won’t compete with
existing architectural features.
9) Coffered Ceiling

 Are you in search of an exotic ceiling that

probably won’t be found elsewhere in your
neighborhood? Coffered ceilings have been
described as tray ceilings on steroids. Rather
than one recessed feature, the entire surface
is covered with small recessed features
separated by grid work.
 Ideally suited to rooms with expansive ceiling
areas, this style is so ornate, its origins can be
traced back to ancient Roman, Chinese and
Middle Eastern palaces.
 Expect to spend a lot of money if you crave
this type of ceiling due to the complexity of the
design. Get it right and visitors could be
reminded of their visit to Rome’s Pantheon
where the main dome is one of the world’s
best examples of this majestic ceiling style.
10) Dome Ceiling

 Home designers seeking to make a 

home’s entry way and narrow halls look more
spacious do so by the addition of dome ceilings
that create the illusion of expanded height and
space.
 This ceiling type has the potential to enlarge an
area so dramatically, observers say that it can
optically double the size of a space, which is
exactly why it’s such a popular architectural
feature.
 Once the domain of gazebos and solariums, dome
ceilings are now found throughout homes and
may be built in concert with skylights to expand
and illuminate small areas even more.
 Talk about small but mighty! Domed ceilings
decorated with mosaic tiles, murals and dramatic
lighting fixtures can be so fanciful, they can
become a home’s biggest selling point when it
goes on the market.
11) Shed Ceiling

 Shed ceilings are another version of the vaulted

ceiling but classic angles that define it are only
applied to one side of an interior roof
configuration.
 Commonly found in homes where attics were
converted to living spaces, shed ceilings are very
practical. They can disguise uneven ceilings and
contractors say homeowners can anticipate not
just improved ventilation but better insulation.
 That stated, shed ceilings are physically very
limiting. At the end of the room where the roof
almost touches the floor, it could be impossible to
sit or stand and there may not be enough height
to furnish that end of the room, so this roof style
will ask you to sacrifice floor space in the name of
those aforementioned benefits.
12) Cove Ceiling

 Some tradesmen use the word cove;

others insist on “coved.” By either name,
this ceiling is easily identified by its
rounded, curved framework that joins
where ceiling and wall meet.
 This ceiling style has a distinctly soft,
rounded shape. Need an excuse to install
a cove ceiling? If you’re on a deadline to
complete construction or you simply don’t
like crown molding, cove ceilings look
sensational without adding this
expensive, time-consuming trim.
 Interior decorators recommend painting
cove ceilings to match the room’s trim
color, and if you install inset ceiling
fixtures, you’ll wind up with more
dramatic lighting effects that showcase
this unique ceiling type.
13) Barrel Vault Ceiling

 Originating with the Romans, barrel vault ceilings are

also referred to as wagon- or tunnel-vaulted ceilings,
even though they aren’t steeply pitched.
 Squint your eyes and you could swear the silhouette
looks just like somebody cut barrels in half and hung
them on high.
 Happily, these ceiling designs coordinate with just
about every interior architectural style: modern, rustic
or contemporary, but to take your ceiling one step
further, commission a barrel vault ceiling with coffering
and you will be guaranteed a unique design that even
the neighbors will covet.
 Tall ceilings, says Vartanian, “induce positive feelings,”
promote creativity and light up brain cells when test
subjects compare photos of rooms with standard, 8-
foot ceilings and those with ceilings that measure up to
10-feet. Use this data to convince your contractor that
your brain insists on a tall ceiling for obvious reasons.
15) Groin V Ceiling

 Can you guess what that “V” stands for?

If you guessed vault, you’re correct. The
Groin V ceiling configuration a hybrid;
part traditional vaulted and part barrel
vaulted.
 Whomever installs this exotic ceiling had
better not have flunked higher math
because the Groin V ceiling requires a
comfortable relationship with right angles.
 To explain how this ceiling comes
together, the architect stipulates 4 curving
circles that are joined at the center.
Where those vaults come together, ribs
provide not only visual interest but
strengthen the ceiling. And you thought
math was boring!
 TYPES OF MATERIALS FOR CEILINGS

• There are several different options in the market for ceiling materials.
They all differ in the final look they achieve as well as in price. Here are
some of the most popular choices:
 Plaster
 Wooden or Plywood Ceilings
 Gypsum Ceilings
 PVC Ceilings
16) Plaster

 This is the most commonly used material

for ceilings. This is because it is highly
customizable, cheap, and has an extensive
lifespan.
 Plaster or plaster of Paris is heavy-duty
enough to hide the construction underneath
while still giving a smooth finish. POP is
also insulated, which is great for both cold
and warm weather.
 This material is lightweight, yet durable.
Since the finish of the material is so
smooth, it can be painted to match the 
design of the room, and it can even be
molded according to preference. However,
POP is prone to cracking and insect
infestation.
17) Wooden or Plywood Ceilings
 Wooden ceilings give more of a rustic feel
to the room. When opting for this material,
most people prefer to use beams of wood
rather than covering the entire surface.
However, when used all over, wood gives
the added advantage of being able to be
arranged in different designs and patterns
to one’s liking.
 Plywood is also popular because it is
cheaper than solid wood, and it can be
finished however desired. Wood ceilings
are strong and add a lot of aesthetic value
to a room.
 However, it does come with its downsides.
Wood is susceptible to termites and does
not work well in humid climates, and it can
also be quite expensive.
18) Gypsum Ceilings

 Gypsum is an extremely economical material

that is made up of layers of different
materials pressed together to form large
sheets. These sheets are used to cover the
ceiling entirely with a metal frame.
 Gypsum is versatile in the sense that the
finished product can be painted, covered in
wallpaper, or laminated to suit the design of
your room.
 Gypsum is also available in a number of
different finishes and designs. The material
itself is reinforced with fiberglass, so it is an
insulator, plus it is fire resistant. Gypsum isn’t
ideal in humid or damp climates.
19) PVC Ceilings
 PVC might seem like a strange choice for ceiling
material, but it is very beneficial. PVC is a non-
porous material, meaning it does not absorb any
moisture, so it works well in many weather
conditions.
 It is also easy to install, durable, and requires little
to no maintenance. The material is extremely easy
to clean and is not prone to any termites or insect
infestations.
 PVC can be bought in many different colors to suit
your room’s aesthetics, or then it can be painted or
polished to achieve a specific look. PVC does not
give as great of a look as the rest of the materials
on this list.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF TEXTURED
CEILING FINISHES
FLAT OR SMOOTH CEILINGS   SKIP TROWEL CEILINGS
• Flat ceilings have a classic and
understated look.
• The drawback with flat ceilings is that
every imperfection will show.
•  In order to hide the imperfections of
construction, more layers of mud and
additional sanding is required.

• A popular style for textured ceilings, skip trowel gives

the ceiling dimension with a subtle “stuccoed” look.
• Skip trowel texture is hand applied using coarse sand
and joint compound.
• A trowel is then used to spread the compound and
create the texture.
• Skip trowel is popular in high-end homes for its
somewhat-Mediterranean look.
 SWIRLED CEILINGS POPCORN CEILINGS
• The swirled ceiling texture isn’t seen as often as
some of the other textures here, but it’s worth
considering.
• It’s a beautiful, unique look.
• Swirled ceilings consist of a pattern of full or
half circles.
• made by “swirling” a tool or sponge through the
compound before it sets.
• The result is a striking “fanned” pattern with an • Popular in many homes built into the 90s,
art deco-esque flair. • the rough, bumpy look of a popcorn ceiling
was a cost-effective way to quickly make a
ceiling look uniform.
• the texture is difficult to clean.
• the increased surface area of a popcorn ceiling
is good for absorbing and muffling sounds.
Orange Peel Ceilings
• Orange peel texture bears some resemblance to – you guessed it – an
orange peel.
• You get this slightly bumpy but still soft-looking texture by spraying
drywall compound onto the ceiling. It’s close to a splattered look but
finer. It’s smoother and more subtle than knockdown and is a popular
choice for modern homes. It’s also commonly seen in business
premises. It provides the look of a textured ceiling while remaining
easy to wipe clean as needed.
• If you’re erring towards a texture but want a subtle, understated
look, orange peel may be the way to go. It is also the easiest and
most affordable texture method for ceilings. It is also the most
popular choice for drywall texture on walls.

Knockdown Ceilings
• Knockdown is a texture that’s fairly similar in style to skip trowel.
Knockdown texture starts by spraying the ceiling with a watered-
down compound. As the compound partially dries, it drips a bit,
creating “stalactites.” These stalactites are then scraped away,
leaving a stuccoes texture.
• Like skip trowel, knockdown is great for concealing minor
imperfections or adding some subtle depth to a room. It does require
extra labor however to knock down the texture manually with a
trowel after the texture is sprayed
THANK YOU