Geography of Ethiopia and The Horn: by Taye Demeke (MA)
Geography of Ethiopia and The Horn: by Taye Demeke (MA)
Geography of Ethiopia and The Horn: by Taye Demeke (MA)
JJU
2012/2019
CHAPTER ONE
1.1. Geography: Definition, Scope and Themes
1. Meaning of Geography:
-is the scientific study of the Earth that describes &
analyses spatial & temporal variations of physical,
biological and human phenomena, & their
interrelationships & dynamism over the surface of the
Earth.
2.The Scope, Approaches and Themes of Geography
explains the arrangements of various natural & cultural
features.
So is a holistic & interdisciplinary field of study.
Thus, the scope of Geography is the surface of the Earth, that
includes the zone of:
atmosphere,
lithosphere,
hydrosphere & - biosphere
Approaches of Geography
Geography can be approached by considering two
continuums:
A human-physical continuum &
A topical-regional continuum.
Themes of Geography
Geography has five basic themes namely
Location: a particular place or position.
- There are two types:
A. Absolute location it defines the location of a place by its
latitude and longitude.
B. Relative location it defines the location of a place in
relation to landmass & water bodies.
Place: refers to the physical and human aspects of a location.
- this theme of geography is associated with toponym , site (the
description of the features of the place), & situation (the
environmental conditions of the place).
Human-Environment Interaction: involves three distinct
spects.
- Dependency refers to the ways in which humans are
dependent on nature for a living.
- Adaptation relates to how humans modify themselves, their
lifestyles & their behavior to live in a new environment with
new challenges.
- Modification allowed humans to conquer the world for their
comfortable living.
Movement entails to the translocation of human beings, their
goods, & their ideas from one end of the planet to another.
Region is a geographic area having
distinctive characteristics that
distinguishes itself from adjacent unit of
space.
- have homogeneity in terms of a certain
phenomenon soil, temperature, rainfall,
or in cultural elements like language,
religion & economy.
Location, Shape and Size of Ethiopia and the Horn
- The Horn of Africa is a narrow tip that protrudes
into the northern Indian Ocean, separating it from
the Gulf of Aden.
It is home to the countries of
- Djibouti, Eritrea,
- Ethiopia, & Somalia
-there cultures have been linked throughout their
long history.
Location of Ethiopia
1.Astronomical location/ absolute or mathematical location:
-b/n 3ºN - 15ºN (Moyale - Bademe) latitudes &
33ºE - 48ºE (Akobo - the tip of Ogaden/Bohe ) longitudes
The East -West -distance 15º (tropical climate )
North-South distance 12º(difference of 1hr. )
- 3 hours-time zone is used in the country.
2.Relative location expresses the location of places with
reference to other countries (vicinal), landmasses or water
bodies. .
Vicinal location In relation to water bodies & land masse
s
-
-Sudan to the west and
northwest - In the Horn of Africa
- South Sudan to southwest - Southwest of the Arabian Peninsula
- Djibouti to the east - South of Europe
- Somalia to the east and - Northwest of the Indian Ocean
southeast
- Eritrea to the north and
- Kenya to the south
The implications of the location of Ethiopia are described as
follows:
a)Climate the fact that Ethiopia is located b/n 3º-15º La.
implies that the country has a tropical climate, though
modified by its altitude.
b) Socio-cultural: the linguistic & other cultural
relationships, which Ethiopia shares with its neighbours,
reflect the influence of location.
c) Political: the political history of Ethiopia has been
considerably influenced by:
- Geopolitical considerations of superpowers.
- Adjacency to the Red Sea (a global trade route).
- The Middle East geopolitical paradigms.
Size of Ethiopia
Ethiopia’s total area is approximately
1,106,000 square kilometers
It is the 8th largest in Africa & 25th in the World.
It extends about 1,639 kilometers East-West,
1,577 kilometers North-South.
Advantages and disadvantages of Ethiopia‟s large size
Advantages Disadvantages
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