MIL - Lesson 2

Information Literacy
Review
The importance of studying media and
information literacy
1. Develop critical thinking skills
2. Understand how media messages shape our
culture
3. Identify targeted marketing strategies
4. Recognize what the media maker wants us to
believe or do
5. Name the techniques of persuasion used
Review
The importance of studying media and
6. Advocate for changes in the media system
7. Recognize bias, spin, misinformation, and lies
8. Discover parts of the story that are not being
told
9. Evaluate media messages based on our own
experiences, skills, beliefs, and values
10. Create and distribute our own media message
Developing Media and Information Literacy Skills:
1. Access
2. Analyze
3. Create
4. Reflect
5. Act
Four Basic Types of Media
Print
Sound
Visual
Digital
Other things
• Media - channels
• Media messages- information
• Interpersonal communication –
two-way and face-to-face
• Mass communication- one way
and mass produced
• Social media- brings together
elements of interpersonal and
mass communication
At the end of the lesson,
you are expected to
• Compare and contrast media and
• Discuss responsible use of media and
information
• Compare and contrast how news is
presented through different types of
media
What is information?
Information is anything that informs, for
example knowledge, factual data, or
instructions. Journalists work with
information, analyzing and verifying it to
present their audience with a balanced
perspective on a story.
What is an information
source?
An information source provides

knowledge or information.
Documents, speeches, videos,
websites, photographs and people
are all examples of information
sources, as are media like
newspapers and radio shows.
DOCUMENTS
SPEECHES
Video
Websites
Photographs
People
Are information source
neutral?
Individual sources of information are rarely
neutral. Therefore, it is important to consider the
following:
- Where is the information coming from?
- Why is it being shared?
- To what extent can the information be
trusted?
As to the neutrality of some media content, it might
What is an be helpful to look at whether the media outlet is
information source? owned by an entrepreneur, the government, a
private company, or whether it is independent.
Public, Private, or Independent
Public, Private, or Independent
What is news?
News is information that
is new, important, and
relevant or interesting.
What counts as news
depends on the following
factors: location, target
audience, and the editor or
the reporter’s decision?
Location
Target Audience
Editor or Reporter’s Decision
What happened?
What When did it happen?
questions Where did it happen?
should
Who were involved?
news
answer? How did it happen?
Why did it happen?
How should news be
written? Good journalists will try
to report neutrally and
present different sides of
a story, but no one is
completely neutral
because different pieces
of information have
different relevance for
different people. Media
messages reflect the
values and points of view
of media makers.
Ethical Standards of Journalists must
Journalism • Conduct research and
consult various sources
to verify their story.
• Be objective when
reporting news and
should report facts in a
neutral way.
• Inform their readers
about where they got
their information by
attributing it to sources
or witnesses.
Analyzing Editorials express the
opinions of journalists
News articles should
not include the opinion
News and often include news of journalists or
and facts to make their editors.
case.
What is a topic? Any subject or issue can be a topic for
journalists to report on. Individual
journalist often specializes on specific
topic areas that particularly interest them
(e.g. crime, sports, entertainment etc.)
What are news
values?
These are criteria media
makers use to determine how
important or newsworthy a
story is.
1. Timeliness
2. Proximity
3. Impact
4. Consequences
5. Conflict
6. Prominence
7. Novelty
7. Human
Interest
If people are informed,
they are able to identify
problems in their
societies and learn how
they might be able to
change them.
Journalism is printing what someone else
does not want published; everything else is
public relations.
Reference
Braesel, S. & Karg, T. (2018). Media and Information Literacy: A
Practical Guidebook for Beginners. DW: Akademie.

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Information Literacy

An information source provides

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